However, an initial conservative approach could lead to surgery after delivery for a persistent pneumothorax in as much as 40% of patients. A persistent pneumothorax after delivery that might require surgery delays discharge home and compromises the normal interaction between selleck chemical the mother and new-born child, which might be distressing. For informed consent, the implications of the risk of persistent pneumothorax requiring surgery after delivery where a conservative approach is used initially should be discussed with the patient and family to aid decision making.”
“Objectives: To review recent

advances in the understanding Of Molecular mechanisms of drug disposition and cellular mechanisms of action and targets of colchicine, and disease applications and guidelines For oral colchicine use.

Methods: Summarized and interpreted here is the pertinent English and non-English language literature on MEDLINE (R) since the last update of colchicine In this journal In 1998 and published LIP to July 2008 regarding colchicine pharmacology, toxicology, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications in gout and other medical

conditions.

Results: Assessment, after review of 1512 publications, is that oral colchicine therapy is being refined by attention to novel targets Such as NALP3 and pyrin. The drug has a narrow therapeutictoxicity window, and potentially PFTα research buy serious drug-drug interactions (eg, with clarithromycin and cyclosporine) are better recognized and therefore preventable. Reviewed here are recent advances in colchicine pharmacogenomics, and recognition of drug-drug interactions and predictors of potential PF-04929113 mw toxicities, including alterations in the P-glycoprotein multidrug transporter ABCB1, cytochrome P450 3A4 isoenzyme, and hepatobiliary and renal function. Current understanding of optimization of colchicine dosing is reviewed, as are recent findings oil colchicine therapy of nonrheumatic cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal diseases (eg,

lowering of C-reactive protein, and treatment of acute and recurrent pericarditis). Finally, the article reviews the recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration-mandated cessation of marketing of injectable colchicine.

Conclusions: Oral colchicine has unique anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects with broad ramifications for rheumatic and nonrheumatic disease applications. Significant advances Ill the last decade have increased understanding of predictors of both colchicine efficacy and toxicity. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Semin Arthritis Rheum 38:411-419″
“Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are commonly used for degrading dyes in effluents. Valuable information regarding AOP-mediated formation of intermediates and degradation products can be obtained by using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry as an analytical technique.

“
“The first-line treatment for intra-abdominal Selonsertib abscess is source control. Sometimes, however, source control is too invasive for relatively small abscesses and is not feasible due to the risk of injury to some organs. Based on reports that fosfomycin (FOM) can break up biofilms to enhance the permeability of other antibiotics, we investigated the FOM time-lag combination therapy (FOM-TLCT). We enrolled 114 patients who had intra-abdominal abscess after gastrointestinal surgery and examined the efficacy of FOM-TLCT using the same therapeutic

antibiotic (TA) as that which had been used previously, but had proven ineffective, at the same dose schedule. The efficacy endpoint determination was carried out as follows: among the systemic inflammatory response syndrome

(SIRS)-positive cases, even after administration of TA, excellent outcome was defined as SIRS negative within 7 days of FOM-TLCT with TA without the need for other treatment, including other antibiotics or drainage. Of the 114 patients enrolled, 104 cases (SIRS positive 73; SIRS negative 31) were assessed. Ten patients were excluded; four had received TA at higher doses, three had received different TAs, and three were considered to have bacteria resistant to TAs. Among these patients, 86.3% (63/73) of the SIRS-positive cases were classified as excellent, and 90.3% (28/31) of the SIRS-negative cases were classified as effective. In total, the efficacy rate was 87.5% (91/104). The total no-response rates were 12.5% (13/104). FOM-TLCT seems to be effective for treating refractory intra-abdominal abscess.”
“Background: Recent studies questioned “”classical”" concepts GSK3235025 chemical structure in trauma care,

including whether disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) occurs in trauma. The knowledge on trauma DIC is limited to few studies built on diagnosing DIC with laboratory-based scores. This study explores whether DIC diagnosed by the well-established AC220 mw ISTH (International Society for Thrombosis and Hemostasis) score is corroborated by anatomopathologic findings.

Methods: Prospective observational cohort study of severely injured (ISS >= 16) patients. DIC was diagnosed by the ISTH score throughout the first 24 hours after trauma. All organs surgically removed within 24 hours of trauma were reviewed by two independent pathologists. All autopsy reports were reviewed.

Results: Of 423 patients enrolled, similar to 11% had “”overt DIC”" and 85% had “”suggestive of non-overt DIC”" scores throughout the 24 hours after trauma. “”Overt DIC”" patients had higher mortality and worse bleeding, receiving more blood and plasma transfusions. One hundred and sixteen patients underwent surgery within 24 hours of trauma, and all 40 excised organs were reviewed by two pathologists. Twenty-seven autopsies reports were reviewed. No anatomopathologic evidence of DIC was identified in the first 24 hours, even after additional histochemical staining.

“
“A featured microchip owning three big reservoirs and long turned geometry channel was designed to improve the detection limit of DNA fragments by using floating electrokinetic supercharging (FEKS) method. The novel design matches the FEKS preconcentration needs of a large sample volume introduction with electrokinetic injection (EKI), as well as long duration of isotachophoresis (ITP) process to enrich low concentration sample. In the curved channel [similar to 45.6 mm long between port 1 (P1) and the intersection point of two selleck chemical channels], EKI and ITP were performed while the side port

3 (P3) was electrically floated. The turn-induced band broadening with or without ITP process was investigated by a computer simulation (using CFD-ACE+ software) when the analytes traveling through the U-shaped geometry. It was found that the channel curvature determined the extent

of band broadening, however, which could be effectively eliminated by the way of ITP. After the ITP-stacked zones passed the intersection www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk1838705a.html point from P1, they were rapidly destacked for separation and detection from ITP to zone electrophoresis by using leading ions from P3. The FEKS carried on the novel chip successfully contributed to higher sensitivities of DNA fragments in comparison with our previous results realized on either a single channel or a cross microchip. The analysis of low concentration 50 bp DNA step ladders (0.23 mu g/ml after 1500-fold diluted) was achieved with normal UV detection at 260 nm. The obtained limit of detections (LODs) were on average 100 times better than using conventional pinched injection, down to

several ng/ml for individual DNA fragment.”
“Background and objective: JQ1 Appropriate triage of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) may improve morbidity, mortality and use of hospital resources. Worse outcomes from delayed intensive care unit (ICU) admission have long been suspected but have not been verified.

Methods: In a retrospective study of consecutive patients with CAP admitted from 19962006 to the ICUs of a tertiary care hospital, we measured serial severity scores, intensive therapies received, ICU-free days, and 30-day mortality. Primary outcome was mortality. We developed a regression model of mortality with ward triage (and subsequent ICU transfer within 72 h) as the predictor, controlled by propensity for ward triage and radiographic progression.

Results: Of 1059 hospital-admitted patients, 269 (25%) were admitted to the ICU during hospitalization. Of those, 167 were directly admitted to the ICU without current requirement for life support, while 61 (23%) were initially admitted to the hospital ward, 50 of those undergoing ICU transfer within 72 h. Ward triage was associated with increased mortality (OR 2.6, P = 0.056) after propensity adjustment. The effect was less (OR 2.2, P = 0.12) after controlling for radiographic progression. The effect probably increased (OR 4.1, P = 0.

In Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain, the levels of these neurosteroids are known to be altered compared to age-matched non-demented controls. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of PREGS and DHEA on the hippocampal neurogenesis in 8-month-old male APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic

(APP/PS1) mice that show amyloid plaques and impaired spatial cognitive performance. In the DG of APP/PS1 mice the proliferation of progenitor cells was increased, while the neurite growth and survival of newborn neuronal cells were markedly Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor impaired. Treatment with PREGS or DHEA rescued perfectly the hypoplastic neurite of newborn neurons in APP/PS1 mice, while neither of them affected the over-proliferation of progenitor cells. Notably, the administration of PREGS, but not DHEA, to APP/PS1 mice could protect the survival and maturation of newborn neuronal cells, which was accompanied by the improvement of spatial cognitive performance. The

results indicate that treatment of AD like brains GW786034 manufacturer of APP/PS1 mice with PREGS might protect the hippocampal neurogenesis, leading to the improved spatial cognitive performance.”
“The perpendicular exchange bias effect in multilayer systems Cr2O3(0001)/[Co/Pt](n), n >= 1, is strongly correlated with the temperature dependence of the antiferromagnetic order parameter in Cr2O3 in the vicinity of its Neel temperature. A crossover between surface and 3D bulk critical

behavior is found for the interface moments of Cr2O3. In addition, for the first time, a specific exchange bias-related contribution to the ferromagnetic coercive field could be separated. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3621460]“
“On December 2006, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred at a residential-care facility for the elderly in northern Italy. Thirty-five of 61 individuals interviewed (attack rate, 57.4%) fell ill. In 94.3% of cases, the onset of illness was within 48 h of a Christmas party selleck chemical at the facility. Norovirus (NoV) was detected by RT-PCR in 24 of 31 individuals examined, including three asymptomatic food-handlers, in whom there was evidence of long-lasting excretion of viral particles. The identification of a sequence referring to the ’2006a GII. 4 NoV variant’ in all examined strains supported the hypothesis of a common point source. This retrospective cohort study is the first report on an outbreak of NoV gastroenteritis in an Italian residential-care facility for the elderly.”
“Dopaminergic neurons are selectively vulnerable to oxidative stress and inflammatory attack.

41, 95% CI 0.31-0.56; 3 trials). Symptomatic UTI and pyelonephritis were not reported. No significant reduction was found in all-cause mortality and adverse events rates; conflicting results were reported for the development of resistant bacteria. Very few trials assessed the efficacy of prophylaxis for UTI following renal

transplantation. Prophylaxis reduced bacteriuria and sepsis with bacteremia; effects on graft survival could not be demonstrated.”
“Purpose: To investigate the phytochemistry and cytotoxic activity of the leaf, branch and fruit extracts of Vatica diospyroides Symington type LS, an endangered medicinal plant in the peninsula of Thailand.

Methods: Extracts of the mature leaves, branches and fruit (both cotyledon and pericarp) of five-year Linsitinib supplier old tree were obtained using various organic solvents. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and phytochemical screening were Selleck Dinaciclib employed to identify the chemical constituents. Cytotoxicity was characterized by 50 % inhibition (IC50) of human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthaizol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

Results: The extracts of the plant

parts differed in chemical composition. Terpenoids and anthraquinones were present in all extracts, while cardiac glycosides and tannins were isolated from the branches and leaves, respectively. The acetone and methanol extracts of the fruit cotyledons were highly cytotoxic against MDA-MB-468 cell line (IC50 = 3.1 mu g/ml for both extracts), whereas acetone and dichloromethane Anlotinib mouse extracts of the fruit pericarps were highly active against MCF-7 cell line (IC50 = 18.2 and 21.0 mu g/ml, respectively). The other extracts were less active.

Conclusion: This work revealed the potentials of V. diospyroides fruit as a cytotoxic agent against human breast cancer cell lines. However, further studies, including identification and purification of the

active compounds, will need to be pursued.”
“Objective: Temporal bone encephaloceles and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorrhea can lead to life-threatening sequelae such as meningitis and cerebritis. Obesity has been associated with spontaneous CSF leaks. We wished to determine if there were differences in the body mass index (BMI) of patients with spontaneous temporal bone encephaloceles/CSF leaks and nonspontaneous temporal bone encephaloceles/CSF leaks to help determine if obesity may be associated with their development.

Study Design: Single institution retrospective comparison.

Methods: Demographic and clinical information was obtained from 20 patients treated for surgically confirmed temporal bone dehiscence leading to encephalocele and/or CSF otorrhea. Statistical analysis was performed on patients with spontaneous and nonspontaneous encephaloceles/CSF leaks to determine if there were differences in the degree of obesity between these groups.

This review presents recent data concerning the advance of our knowledge related to these problems.”
“The sexual activity Cilengitide datasheet and contraceptive use is evaluated over 21 years amongst Danish adolescents in ninth grade.

A repeated, cross-sectional questionnaire study in the municipality of Viborg, comparing the results of four consecutive surveys between 1986 and 2007.

In 2007, 40% of the pupils had sexual debut at an

average age of 15.3 +/- A 1.5 years. At sexual debut condoms were used in 77% of the adolescents and the contraceptive pill in 15%. At their latest coitus 34% used any contraceptive pill as 27% of pupils changed from use of condom to the pill. Practical experience with condoms was found in 90% of both sexes at sexual debut. Fourteen percent of the adolescents used no contraception at all at debut in 2007, which is similar to 1986, 1993,

and 2000. Eighteen percent of the pupils used no contraception at all at their last intercourse in 2007 and 2000.

Knowledge about and use www.selleckchem.com/products/salubrinal.html of condoms is substantial amongst adolescents already at sexual debut. A shift is confirmed from condoms at first coitus to more frequent use of the pill later on. A considerable number of pupils (10-20%) are neither protected against sexually transmitted infections nor pregnancy at first or later intercourse.”
“The morphology, tensile, impact properties, and thermal expansion behavior of polycarbonate (PC)/acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene (ABS)/talc composites with different compositions and mixing sequences were investigated. From the studies of morphology of the PC/ABS/talc composites, it was observed that some talc particles were located in both the PC and the

ABS phases of the blend but most were at the interface between the PC and ABS phases for every mixing sequence. Aspect ratios of the talc particles determined by TEM image analysis reasonably matched values computed from tensile modulus using composite theory. The thermal expansion behavior, or CTE values, was not significantly influenced by the mixing sequence. The impact strength of the PC/ABS/talc composites depended significantly on the mixing sequence; a premix with PC gave the https://www.selleckchem.com/products/3-methyladenine.html poorest toughness. The molecular weight of the PC in PC/talc composites was found to be significantly decreased. It appears that the impact strength of the PC/ABS/talc composites is seriously compromised by the degradation of the PC caused by talc. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“Recurrent genomic imbalances at 16p11.2 are genetic risk factors of variable penetrance for developmental delay and autism. Recently, 16p11.2 (chr16:29.5 Mb-30.1 Mb) deletion has also been detected in individuals with early-onset severe obesity. The penetrance of 16p11.2 deletion as a genetic risk factor for obesity is unknown. We evaluated the growth and body mass characteristics of 28 individuals with 16p11.2 (chr16: 29.5 Mbe30.

Results: Statistically significant correlations between radiographic severity and the overall magnitude of the knee adduction moment during stance (r(2)

= 21.4%, P = 0.003) and the magnitude of the knee flexion angle during the gait cycle (r(2) = 11.4%, P = 0.03) were found. Significant correlations between pain and gait speed (r(2) = 28.2%, P < 0.0001), the activation patterns of the lateral gastrocnemius (r(2) = 16.6%, P = 0.009) and the medial hamstring (r(2) = 10.3%, P = 0.04) during gait were found. The combination of the magnitude of the knee adduction moment during stance and BMI explained a significant portion of the variability in radiographic severity (R-2 = 27.1%, P < 0.0001). No multivariate model explained pain severity better than gait speed alone.

Conclusions: This study suggests that some knee joint

biomechanical AZD2171 datasheet learn more variables are associated with structural knee OA severity measured from radiographs in clinically diagnosed mild to moderate levels of disease, but that pain severity is only reflected in gait speed and neuromuscular activation patterns. A combination of the knee adduction moment and BMI better explained structural knee OA severity than any individual factor alone. (C) 2010 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background: The rupture of intracranial aneurysms leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage, which is often associated with poor outcome. Preventive treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms is possible and recommended. However, the lack of candidate genes precludes identifying patients at risk Selleckchem EPZ5676 by genetic analyses.

We observed intracranial aneurysms in 2 patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease and the known disease-causing mutation c.292T > C (p.Tyr98His) in the VHL tumor suppressor gene. This study investigates whether the VHL gene is a possible candidate gene for aneurysm formation. Methods: Patients with intracranial aneurysms admitted to our department between 2006 and 2009 were enrolled. The peripheral leukocyte DNA of 200 patients was investigated for sequence variations in the VHL gene using denaturing high performance liquid chromatography. Peripheral leukocyte DNA of 100 randomly sampled probands was investigated as a control group. The allelic frequencies of sequence variations between both groups were compared using the Fisher exact test. Results: Fourteen of 200 patients with intracranial aneurysms had sequence variations at 6 different loci in the VHL gene. In contrast, no sequence variations were identified in 100 probands in the control group (P = 0.0062). However, none of the single-sequence variations had a statistically significant difference in the allelic frequencies compared to the control group. Conclusions: There is accumulating evidence for a genetic basis of aneurysm development.

68; 95% CI, 1.51-8.94; P < 0.001).

Conclusions: At least two third of SU5402 price all patients presenting with CLI can be offered some type of direct revascularisation. In patients with major cardiac disease and renal insufficiency, a poor outcome in terms of amputation-free survival is to be anticipated. (C) 2011 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier

Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“We reviewed our single-centre experience with emergent operative repair of Stanford Type A aortic dissections, with particular attention to outcomes in the elderly.

Consecutive adult patients undergoing emergent operative repair of acute Type A aortic dissections between February 2004 and December 2011 at a single institution were identified. Patients were stratified into elderly (>= 70 years) and control cohorts (< 70 years). Kaplan-Meier

analysis was used to evaluate survival.

A total of 117 patients undergoing emergent repair of Type A aortic dissection were identified during the study period, including 31 (26.5%) elderly and 86 (73.5%) control patients. The URMC-099 ic50 mean age in the elderly cohort was 78.0 +/- 4.7 years, with 41.9% (13 of 31) being 80 years or older. The elderly and control groups were well matched with regard to preoperative comorbidities (each P > 0.05) and the presence of malperfusion at presentation (elderly: 19.4 vs controls: 27.9%, P = 0.35). The most common site of tear involved the proximal ascending aorta (elderly: 83.9 vs controls: 84.9%), with fewer cases affecting the aortic arch (12.9 vs 14.0%; P = 0.75). Operative data, including cardiopulmonary

bypass and aortic cross-clamp time, concomitant aortic valve procedures and arch replacement were also similar between cohorts. Fewer elderly patients underwent hypothermic circulatory arrest (67.7 vs 90.7%, P = 0.002). Overall survival to discharge was 87.2% (n = 102), with no difference in the elderly (83.9%; n = 26) vs controls (88.4%; n = 76; P = 0.52). The 30-day (elderly: 82.8 AZD2014 clinical trial vs controls: 86.2%), 90-day (elderly: 79.0 vs controls: 84.8%) and 1-year (elderly: 75.4 vs controls: 84.8%) survivals were also comparable.

Excellent operative outcomes can be achieved in elderly patients undergoing emergent repair of Type A aortic dissections. Advanced patient age should therefore not serve as an absolute contraindication to operative repair in this high-risk cohort.”
“A three-stage fermentation strategy was designed for efficient arachidonic acid (ARA)-rich oil production by Mortierella alpina. The process at different stages by changing the components of medium was investigated. In the first stage, mycelia were inoculated in a nutrient-rich medium for rapid propagation. In the second stage, mycelia were collected and then cultivated in glucose solution to achieve high cellular lipid contents. In the third stage, mycelia were cultured in a glucose-absent medium to obtain rapid ARA accumulation.

“
“OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate new guidelines for MRSA admission screening and pre-emptive isolation implemented in response to a doubling of newly diagnosed MRSA patients in 2007.

DESIGN: One-year surveillance (04/2008-03/2009).

SETTING: Patients admitted to the tertiary-care hospital in St. Gallen (700 beds) and 10 affiliated public hospitals (890 beds) in Eastern Switzerland (MRSA rate 2.5% https://www.selleckchem.com/Caspase.html in isolates).

PATIENTS: Except for known MRSA carriers, all patients who underwent admission screening in accordance with the guidelines and all MRSA patients newly detected by a clinical sample were included.

METHODS: Depending on epidemiological factors (stay in a foreign hospital, a Swiss hospital with

known high MRSA prevalence, or a chronic care facility) and personal risk factors (wound, tracheostoma, urinary catheter,

IVDU), patients were risk stratified into screening and isolation, only screening or no screening at all. MRSA admission screening included nasal, throat and axillary/inguinal swabs, supplemented by wound swabs, urine and respiratory secretion whenever appropriate (conventional culture).

RESULTS: A total of 6/161 (3.7%) MRSA TH-302 admission screenings yielded positive results (number needed to screen: 27). 2/32 (6.3%) pre-emptively isolated patients were positive (number needed to isolate: 16). Only 6/27 (22.2%) newly diagnosed MRSA patients were detected by admission screening, and the remaining patients were detected by clinical sample during hospitalisation. A total of 80% of the MRSA positive patients had wounds. Swabs of axilla/inguina did compound inhibitor not increase the sensitivity of the admission screening.

CONCLUSIONS: In the setting of low MRSA prevalence, admission screening of patients at high risk for MRSA carriage detected only one out of five newly diagnosed MRSA patients, emphasising the importance of standard precautions for the prevention of MRSA transmission.”
“Increasing

evidences implicate impairment of axonal integrity in mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders. Beta-boswellic acid (BBA) is the major component of Boswellia serrata gum. This resin has long been used in Ayurveda (India’s traditional medicine) to prevent amnesia. In this study, the effect of BBA was examined on neurites outgrowth and branching as well as on polymerization dynamics of tubulin. The morphometric parameters (axonal length and neuritis branching) were examined microscopically after treating the hippocampal cells with BBA. Also the assembly process of tubulin was assessed using UV/V is spectrophotometer through following of absorbance at 350 nm. The results revealed that BBA could significantly enhance neurite outgrowth, branching, and tubulin polymerization dynamics. The obtained results suggest that enhancing effect of BBA on microtubule polymerization kinetics might be the origin of increasing axonal outgrowth and branching.

o. The complex was studied for in vitro drug release characteristics and effect of complexation on serum concentration of hesperetin in rats was also studied along with main pharmacokinetic parameters. The results showed that the complex has a sustained release property and enhanced antioxidant activity (P < 0.05 and < 0.01) as compared to free hesperetin at the same dose level. Pharmacokinetic study depicted that the complex has higher relative bioavailability and acted for a longer period of time. The study therefore suggests that phospholipid

complex of hesperetin produced better antioxidant activity than free drug at the same dose level and the effect persisted for a longer period of time, which may be helpful in solving EPZ5676 mw the problems of faster elimination of the molecule.”
“We analyze the consequences resulting from the asymmetric boundary conditions imposed by a nonuniform external selleck chemicals llc magnetic field at the extremities of a planar Josephson tunnel

junction and predict a number of testable signatures. When the junction length L is smaller than its Josephson penetration depth lambda(j), static analytical calculations lead to a Fresnel-like magnetic diffraction pattern, rather than a Fraunhofer-like one typical of a uniform field. Numerical simulations allow to investigate intermediate length (L approximate to lambda(j)) and long (L > lambda(j)) junctions. We consider both uniform and delta-shaped bias distributions. We also speculate on the possibility of exploiting the unique static properties of this system for basic experiments and devices. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3467790]“
“Water-soluble oligomers based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste, PET, were prepared from transesterification of PET with diethanolamine PRT062607 and triethanolamine in the presence of manganese acetate as a catalyst at temperature of 200 degrees C for 8 h. New cationic surfactants were prepared by reaction of the produced recycled oligomers with bromoacetic acid

followed by quaternization with pyridine. The chemical structure of the prepared surfactants was confirmed by (1)H-NMR analysis. The surface tension, critical micelle concentration, and surface activities were determined at different temperatures. Surface parameters such as surface excess concentration (Gamma(max) max), the area per molecule at interface (A(min)), and the effectiveness of surface tension reduction (Pi(CMC)) were determined from the adsorption isotherms of the prepared surfactants. The prepared surfactants were tested as ink removal for printed low-density polyethylene surface. The effect of surfactants concentrations, pH, soaking time, and shaking time were investigated for deinking process. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.