Approximately 50% of all papers involved cattle, a fifth of which

Approximately 50% of all papers involved cattle, a fifth of which concerned dairy cattle or beef x dairy crossbreds. A quarter of papers concerned swine, 15% concerned sheep, and 3% considered laboratory rodents, with the proportional contribution of sheep research decreasing across time. Authors from the Midwestern and Southern sections of the American Society of Animal Science had greater proportional contributions than Western and Northeastern section authors, and contributions

of university and state experiment station authors outnumbered those of USDA-ARS authors. The proportional Ispinesib contribution of international authors increased across time, reaching 45% for the 2000s, as that of university and experiment station authors decreased and that of USDA-ARS authors remained fairly constant. Subjective analysis suggested substantial levels of creativity, innovation, and cooperation in JAS animal breeding research, a strong international perspective, but also a marked degree of imitation and repetition in subject matter content.”
“Microstructural and electroluminescence measurements are carried out on boron implanted dislocation engineered silicon light emitting diodes R406 (LEDs)

co-implanted with the rare earth thulium to provide wavelength tuning in the infra-red. Silicon LEDs operating in the range from 1.1-1.35 mu m are fabricated by co-implantation of boron and thulium into n-type Si (100) wafers and subsequently rapid thermally annealed to activate THZ1 cell line the implants and to engineer the dislocation loop array that is crucial in allowing light emission. Ohmic contacts are applied to the p and n regions to form conventional p-n junction LEDs. Electroluminescence is obtained under normal forward biasing of the devices. The influence of implantation sequence (B or Tm first), ion dose, and the post-implantation annealing on the microstructure and electroluminescence from the devices is studied. A clear role of the heavy-ion Tm co-implant in significantly

modifying the boron induced dislocation loop array distribution is demonstrated. We also identify the development of dislocation loops under thermal spikes upon heavy ion (Tm) implantation into Si. The results contribute to a better understanding of the basic processes involved in fabrication and functioning of co-implanted devices, toward achieving higher light emission efficiency. VC 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3614036]“
“The authors describe mitochondrial studies in a 6-year-old patient with a seizure disorder that can be seen in myoclonic epilepsy and ragged red fibers. Using a recently developed noninvasive approach, analysis of buccal mitochondrial enzyme function revealed severe respiratory complex I and IV deficiencies in the patient. In addition, analysis of buccal mitochondrial DNA showed significant amounts of the common 5 kb and 7.4 kb mitochondrial DNA deletions, also detectable in blood.

Insulin and glucose levels were also measured

Sigstad

Insulin and glucose levels were also measured.

Sigstad score remained significantly elevated at 6 and 12 months postoperatively compared to preoperative values. Symptoms suggestive of dumping syndrome were recorded in 40 % of patients at 6 months and in 33 % at 12

months postoperatively. Arts’ questionnaire demonstrated that early dumping score remained higher compared to baseline at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Late dumping scores increased gradually during the time and that difference was statistically significant at 12 months after LSG. Hypoglycaemia occurred at 33 % of patients both at 6 and 12 months postoperatively.

Symptoms suggestive see more of dumping syndrome after provocation still exist at 6 and 12 months in a significant proportion of patients https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pd-0332991-palbociclib-isethionate.html after LSG and include both early and late dumping. These findings are consistent with the high incidence of hypoglycaemia after OGTT at 6 and 12 months after LSG.”
“Recent evidence suggests the possible development of difficult mask

ventilation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Based on our current understanding of the pathophysiology of pharyngeal airway obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea patients, we conclude that anesthesiologists can decrease respiratory complications during anesthesia induction by conducting careful pre-induction preparations, including body and head positioning and sufficient preoxygenation, and by using the two-hand mask ventilation technique with effective airway maneuvers and appropriate ventilator settings while continuously assessing ventilation status with capnography.”
“Pediatric fungal infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Few adequately powered antifungal trials have been performed in neonates and children. Neonatologists and peditricians are reliant on adult trials when managing candidemia. Recent guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America recommend fluconazole or an echinocandin for empiric therapy in suitable candidates, with a preference for an echinocandin in patients with moderate-to severe disease, recent azole

exposure, or high risk of C. glabrata or C. krusei infection.”
“The role of laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair (LHHR) at the time of laparoscopic Roux-en-y gastric bypass (LRYGB) BMS-777607 purchase is still debatable. This study aims to assess the safety of concomitant LHHR with LRYGB.

This study is a multi-center, retrospective analysis of a large administrative database. The University Health System Consortium (UHC) is a group of 112 academic medical centers and 256 of their affiliated hospitals. The UHC database was queried using International Classification of Diseases-9 codes and main outcome measures were analyzed.

From October 2006 to January 2010, we found 33,717 patients who underwent LRYGB and did not have a hiatal hernia.

The NCD Summit offers an opportunity for strengthening and shapin

The NCD Summit offers an opportunity for strengthening and shaping primary prevention, the most cost-effective instrument to fight major risk factors such as tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet. From a Swiss perspective, we also emphasised the efforts for new laws selleck kinase inhibitor on prevention and diagnosis registration, in accordance with the recommendations of the NCD summit in order to strengthen primary

prevention and disease monitoring. In addition, the need for structural prevention across all policy sectors with leadership in environmental policy making to prevent NCDs as well as the need to adapt and strengthen primary health care are equally relevant for Switzerland. To compliment efforts in primary prevention, the field of NCDs requires special R&D platforms for affordable NCD drugs and diagnostics for neglected population segments in both Switzerland and low and middle income countries. Switzerland has a track record in research and development against diseases of poverty on a global scale that now needs to be applied to NCDs.”
“A thorough investigation of sucrose hydrolysis by invertase immobilized in recently developed PVA-alginate beads was performed. The developed PVA-alginate bead is Bcl-2 inhibitor clinical trial distinguished by the treatment with sodium sulfate solution. The performance of invertase immobilized in PVA-alginate matrix beads in terms of leakage, reusability, ideal

temperature and pH and kinetic parameters K-m and V-max was investigated. BMS-754807 in vivo Results revealed that the ideal temperature and pH for the immobilized invertase are 50 degrees C and 4 respectively. The apparent K-m of each bead is relatively lower than that of the free enzyme with the value of 4.7 x 10(-5) mM and 2.849 x 10(-5) mM for 12PVA-5BA and 12PVA-7BA, respectively.

An increase in V-max was also observed with the value of 2281.02 U mg(-1) enzyme and 2281.02 U mg(-1) enzyme for 12PVA-5BA and 12PVA-7BA. respectively. The reusability of the beads and its storage period were also investigated and were found to be 14 cycles and 60 days, respectively. Finally, the beads with the best performance (12PVA-5BA) were used to hydrolyze liquid pineapple waste. The production yield of glucose was about 745% in 3 h in the hydrolysis of the liquid pineapple waste. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Photothermal radiometry is employed to investigate the thermal parameters (diffusivity, effusivity, conductivity, and heat capacity) of carbon nanotubes [single-walled (SWNT) or multiple-walled (MWNT)] and potassium bromide (KBr) pressed pellets as a function of SWNT or MWNT mass fraction. A significant enhancement of the thermal conductivity for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) contents up to 2 wt. % was observed. Above 3 wt. % CNT, a morphological transition from a compacted to an unconsolidated granular media occurs leading to a sharp decrease of the thermal conductivity (k) caused by the presence of air interfaces.

Modified Curie-Weiss law is used to fit the dielectric data that

Modified Curie-Weiss law is used to fit the dielectric data that exhibits almost complete diffuse phase transition characteristics. The dielectric relaxation obeys the Vogel-Fulcher relationship with the freezing temperature 286 K. In addition to relaxation observed due to transformation of the material into ergodic relaxor phase below Burn temperature, significant dielectric dispersion is observed in low frequency regime in both components of dielectric response and a small dielectric relaxation peak is observed in the temperature range (423-598 K) that is associated with defect related hopping process. Cole-Cole plots indicate polydispersive nature

of this dielectric relaxation; the relaxation distribution increasing with temperature. (c) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3528219]“
“A series of the surface-functionalized nanoSiO(2)/polybenzoxazine (PBOZ) composites was produced, and an Epigenetic inhibitor attempt was made to improve the toughness of PBOZ material, without sacrificing other mechanical and thermal properties. A benzoxazine

functional silane coupling agent was synthesized to modify the surface of nano-SiO2 particles, which were then mixed with benzoxazinc monomers to produce the nano-SiO2-PBOZ nanocomposites. The check details notched impact strength and the bending strength of the nano-SiO2-PBOZ nanocomposites increase 40% and 50%, respectively, only with the addition of 3 wt % nano-SiO2. At the same load of nano-SiO2, the nano-SiO2-PBOZ nanocomposites exhibit the highest storage modulus and glass-transition temperature by dynamic viscoelastic analysis. Moreover, the thermal stability of the SiO2/PBOZ nanocomposites was enhanced, as explored by the thermogravimetric analysis. The 5% weight loss temperatures increased with the nano-SiO2 content and were from 368 degrees C (of the neat PBOZ) to 379 degrees C or 405 degrees C (of the neat PBOZ) to 426 degrees C in air or nitrogen with additional 3 wt % nano-SiO2. The weight residue

of the same nano-composite was as ON-01910 chemical structure high as 50% in nitrogen at 800 degrees C. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120: 1525-1532, 2011″
“Material and methods: Ten normal human cell lines were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the expression of a dozen secreted cytokines that have been reported to have changes in protein or mRNA levels at 1, 2, and 3 days after 0-10 Gy irradiation using <SU137</SUCs gamma rays at 0.82 Gy min<SU-1</SU. After this systematic in vitro screen, we measured changes in the level of a subset of these candidate proteins in plasma from irradiated C57BL/6 mice (n = 3 per group), comparing shams with a single radiation dose (5 Gy X-rays) at 3.7 Gy min<SU-1</SU at 6 h after irradiation.

Results: We identified four cytokine molecules that had altered levels after radiation exposure, one of which, Interleukin (IL) 6, was consistently elevated after irradiation in vitro and in vivo.

However, little is known about the diagnostic criteria used to de

However, little is known about the diagnostic criteria used to determine the need for manipulation in cases of neck pain. The primary aim of this study was to determine what diagnostic criteria are used to identify which neck pain sufferers should receive spinal manipulation or mobilization. Design We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCT) involving mobilization or manipulation for neck pain. A data extraction pro forma was developed and trialled before two independent assessors extracted data sets from each RCT. A descriptive analysis was undertaken. Results Thirty RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Acute and chronic Mechanical neck pain was the most common (43%)

diagnosis at recruitment to the RCTs but some (10%) included patients GSK3235025 clinical trial with cervicogenic headache. Clinical criteria were used to determine

the need for AC220 inhibitor neck manipulation in over half (63%) of the RCTs. This usually involved exclusion of serious conditions, manual examination for tenderness on palpation, and/or altered vertebral motion in the neck or upper thoracic region which are known to lack validity. The remainder of the RCTs did not report a diagnostic strategy. All RCTs lacked detail descriptions of diagnostic criteria or interventions used. Conclusions This systematic review highlights the absence of reliable and valid diagnostic protocols to determine the need for spinal manipulation in persons presenting with non-serious, idiopathic, or whiplash-associated (grade II) neck pain. Guidelines requiring the reporting of valid diagnostic criteria are needed to improve the quality of RCTs concerning manual therapy.”
“Following

our recent theoretical and experimental results that show how zero-permittivity metamaterials may provide anomalous tunneling and energy squeezing through ultranarrow waveguide channels, here we report an experimental investigation of the bending features relative to this counterintuitive resonant effect. We generate the required effectively zero permittivity using a waveguide operating at the cutoff of its dominant mode, and we show how sharp selleck chemicals and narrow bends may be inserted within the propagation channel without causing any sensible reflection or loss and without affecting its tunneling properties.”
“Objective. Patients with dementia, whose ability to provide self-report of pain is often impaired, are in crucial need of observers who can detect and judge the patients’ pain-indicative behaviors appropriately, in order to initiate treatment. The facial display of pain promises to be especially informative for that purpose. The major aim of the study was to investigate, whether facial pain displays of patients with dementia can be as easily interpreted as facial displays of individuals without cognitive impairment and whether nurses have learnedthrough their professional training and work experienceto better read the facial display of pain compared with a control group. DesignSubjects and Outcome Measures.

Detailed studies of the upconversion properties as a function of

Detailed studies of the upconversion properties as a function of dopant concentrations are described and upconversion efficiencies quantified precisely.

Maximum efficiencies of similar to 1.53% in the 730-870 nm near-infrared emission range and of similar to 0.09% in the 420-530 nm blue range are obtained. The results of power dependence studies and concentration dependent lifetime measurements are presented. This in-depth spectroscopic selleck inhibitor study allows us, for the first time, to identify the dominant processes involved in the upconversion mechanism of Yb3+, Tm3+ co-doped Y2BaZnO5 oxides. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3549634]“
“The objective of this study is to compare the long-term outcomes of infliximab therapy with lower-dose methotrexate (MTX; a parts per thousand currency sign4 mg per week) and with standard-dose MTX (a parts per thousand yen6 mg per week) in Japanese rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. One hundred thirty-eight patients with refractory RA were treated with intravenous infliximab; 106 patients underwent lower-dose MTX therapy, click here and 32 patients underwent standard-dose MTX therapy. Treatment

responses at 54 weeks or last observation carried forward (LOCF) assessed using the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria were compared between the two groups. Eighty-eight patients (81.1%) in the lower-dose MTX group and 27 patients (84.3%) in the standard-dose MTX therapy completed 54 weeks of infliximab PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor 3 treatment. A EULAR response criteria good and moderate response was seen in 70.9% in the lower-dose group and 74.1% in the standard-dose group. Good and moderate treatment responses at 54 weeks or LOCF were seen in 66.0% in the lower-dose group and 68.7% in the standard-dose group. The outcome in the lower-dose MTX group was not significantly different

from that in the standard-dose group. Therapy with MTX and infliximab was effective in Japanese RA patients, regardless of MTX dosage.”
“Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF-alpha) agents are widely used to treat children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) whose disease is resistant to conventional therapy. Although generally well tolerated, use of these agents has been associated with an increased risk of infection. In particular, in patients treated with anti-TNF-alpha agents, there is an increased susceptibility to infection by intracellular organisms such as tuberculosis, and common infections may present atypically or be more severe. We report four cases of serious musculoskeletal infections among 31 children with JIA being treated with anti-TNF-alpha agents, two of which were secondary to group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus.

We present a simple option for repair of apical triangle defects

We present a simple option for repair of apical triangle defects to address this LDN-193189 clinical trial concern. Methods We collected a series of 69 patients with apical triangle defects treated from 2002 to 2008 with Mohs micrographic surgery. Their defects were reconstructed using various flaps (advancement, rotation, island pedicle, or M-plasty). A subset of 27 patients was identified who had undergone a standard cheek advancement flap or a modified flap. The modified design introduces an incision extending from the alar crease onto the nasal sill along the cutaneous upper lip, creating a second

sliding flap to assist in recreating the apical triangle. Results A modified flap design introduced the ability to transfer adjacent tissue of the cutaneous upper lip to reconstruct the apical triangle subunit. Conclusion This flap modification is a simple and efficient method of repairing peri-alar defects that restores the apical subunit, preserving

CA3 research buy facial symmetry.”
“Sirolimus (SRL) has been used as an alternative immunosuppressant strategy to allow either dose minimization or complete withdrawal of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) therapy to improve renal outcome. One hundred thirty-one heart and 55 lung transplant patients were converted from a CNI to SRL based immunosuppression, with CNI elimination in 25 patients, and dose reduction in 161 patients. Fifty-six (28%) patients died and 65 (33%) patients had a 25% or more decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) during a median follow-up of 18 months. The three groups (SRL only group n = 25; SRL + tacrolimus n = 94; SRL + cyclosporine

n = 67) had an initial improvement in estimated glomerular filtration rate (p = 0.05), with subsequent similar slow decline in mean eGFR (repeated measures ANOVA, p = 0.96). After controlling for important Selleckchem A1155463 potential confounding variables, the three groups had similar renal outcome (p = 0.40) and overall survival (p = 0.45). In conclusion, the benefits of CNI withdrawal vs, minimization as part of SRL-based regimens are similar with regard to renal outcomes and patient survival.”
“Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely used in a variety of research in nanoelectromechanical devices due to their excellent mechanical and electrical properties. This study focuses on the modeling and simulation of the actuation of a CNT-based nanoswitch. The CNT is modeled as a wire spanning a trench with displacement-induced tension and negligible bending stiffness. A distributed force is exerted on the nanotube due to the electrical potential difference between it and the trench electrode. This action causes the CNT to deflect toward the electrode. The phenomenon called snap-through occurs when the voltage exceeds a local maximum.

In this context, the use of GH in healthy elderly should be an op

In this context, the use of GH in healthy elderly should be an option for increasing muscle strength. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of GH therapy on muscle strength in healthy men over 50 years old. Fourteen healthy men aged 50-70 years were evaluated at baseline for body composition and

muscle strength (evaluated by leg press and bench press exercises, which focus primarily on quadriceps-lower body part and pectoralis major-upper body part-muscles, resp.). Subjects were randomised into 2 groups: GH therapy Copanlisib datasheet (7 subjects) and placebo (7 subjects) and reevaluated after 6 months of therapy. Thirteen subjects completed the study (6 subjects in the placebo group and 7 subjects in the GH group). Subjects of both groups were not different at baseline. After 6 months of therapy, muscle strength in the bench press responsive muscles did not

increase in both EPZ5676 Epigenetics inhibitor groups and showed a statistically significant increase in the leg press responsive muscles in the GH group. Our study demonstrated an increase in muscle strength in the lower body part after GH therapy in healthy men. This finding must be considered and tested in frail older populations, whose physical incapacity is primarily caused by proximal muscle weakness. The trial was registered with NCT01853566.”
“The purpose of this study was to develope and characterize a micellar formulations CA3 of N-[(2-hydroxy-5 nitrophenyl) amino]carbonothioyl-3,5-dimethylbenzamide (DM-PIT-1)-a new small molecule non-lipid antagonist of phopshotidylinositol-3.4.5-triphopshate and inhibitor of the PI3-kinase pathway. Micelle-forming PEG(2000)-PE was

used to solubilize DM-PIT-1. To improve the specificity of the micellar DM-PIT-1, cancer-targeting anti-nucleosomal mAb2C5 antibodies as well as Tumor necrosis factor Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) were attached to the surface of polymeric micelles. DM-PIT-1 was effectively incorporated (> 70%) into 14-16 nm micelles, which had a negative surface zeta potential of 4-5 mV. Micellar DM-PIT-1 demonstrated high in vitro cytotoxicity against various cancer cells. An improved potency of the dual-activity DM-PIT-1/TRAIL combination nanoparticles in inducing death of TRAIL-resistant cancer cells was shown. Efficacy of the TRAIL therapy was enhanced by combining it with the 2C5 antibody cancer-targeted micellar form of DM-PIT-1. In conclusion, DM-PIT-1 micellar preparations can be used for targeted combination therapy against TRAIL-resistant cancers.

More experience and instrumental improvement suitable for transva

More experience and instrumental improvement suitable for transvaginal NOTES are needed.”
“Biliary atresia has at least 2 proposed forms, the common perinatal and the less common embryonic subtype with earlier

onset and/or extrahepatic developmental anomalies. Histologic evidence of ductal plate malformation (DPM)-like change in liver has been proposed both as a marker for the embryonic type and as a predictor of poor outcome after Kasai P005091 supplier portoenterostomy. We investigated the prevalence of DPM-like change in liver explants in usual biliary atresia (BA) and in BA with splenic malformation syndrome (BASM) Liver sections from 8 patients with BA and 6 with BASM, all of whom had a Kasai procedure followed by explant before age 2 years, were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin, trichrome, CK7, and AE1/AE3 stains. Selleck Doramapimod Each block was scored for inflammation and fibrosis. We estimated the number of portal areas per block and counted the number of definite and possible examples of DPM-like change, defined as a circumferential duct complex arranged around a fibrovascular core. We assessed whether the frequency per portal area was related to low and high scores for either inflammation or fibrosis Definite and possible examples of DPM-like arrays were present in about 10% of portal areas in both

patient groups, but these were unevenly distributed. There was no statistical difference between BA and BASM in terms of the number of examples perportal area. No correlation existed between degree of fibrosis and the intensity of portal inflammation and the number of DPM-like arrays. Ductal plate malformation-like arrays do not distinguish perinatal BA from BA associated with heterotaxy in liver explants after a failed Kasai procedure.”
“Rituximab

is a chimeric monoclonal antibody targeting the pan-B-cell antigen CD20 and was the first monoclonal antibody approved for clinical use in the treatment of cancer. Since its first approval by the FDA in 1997, investigators Ulixertinib nmr have continued to explore a variety of clinical conditions in which rituximab has proven effective with minimal toxicity. Rituximab, as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy, has been studied extensively in untreated and relapsed/refractory settings as both induction and maintenance therapy for the treatment of CD20-positive lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, in addition to non-malignant hematologic disorders including autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Here we discuss the clinical development of rituximab with a review of the efficacy data from clinical trials and its current status in the practice of hematology and oncology.”
“Ovarian fibroma can occur in young women of reproductive age. Despite its benign feature, most surgical removals are done in open surgery with oophorectomy.

Differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts was induced in t

Differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts was induced in the in vivo wound-healing model and was confirmed in vitro using the rat fibroblastic cell line Rat-1. Cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 expression was also induced in Rat-1 cells by 3-oxo-C12-HSL. This finding suggested that Cox-2 upregulation may be related to the inflammatory findings in the histological examinations, in which infiltrating polymorphonuclear neutrophils were observed selleck kinase inhibitor at the wound site. Taken together, these results imply that mammals have a potential defense system against invading pathogens by responding to the presence of 3-oxo-C12-HSL and inducing the differentiation

of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts as well as inflammation for accelerating wound healing.”
“Purpose: To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of rapid right ventricular selleck pacing with a magnetic resonance (MR)-compatible pacemaker lead during MR-guided aortic valvuloplasty.

Materials and Methods: This study was approved by the institutional animal research committee. Seven pigs were investigated. All experiments were performed with an interventional 1.5-T MR system. Interventions were monitored with a steady-state free precession real-time imaging sequence. An MR-compatible pacemaker lead was placed in the right ventricular apex with MR guidance before valvuloplasty. After positioning the balloon in valve position, valvuloplasty was performed with rapid right

ventricular rapid pacing at a heart rate of 180 beats per minute to minimize cardiac output.

Results: Positioning of the pacemaker lead with MR guidance was feasible in all swine (sensing, 6 mV +/- 1; threshold, 1 V +/- 0.5). The lead could be seen on steady-state

free precession images without inducing any artifacts. Rapid right ventricular pacing was feasible in all swine, and balloon stability Selleckchem JNK-IN-8 at the time of inflation was achieved with no balloon movement. Aortic valvuloplasty was successfully accomplished in all experiments.

Conclusion: Rapid right ventricular pacing with an MR-compatible pacemaker lead is feasible and effective.”
“Pulsed systems are extensively used to produce active species such as atoms, radicals, excited states, etc. The tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TD-LAS) is successfully used to quantify the density of absorbing species, but especially for stationary or slow changing systems. The time resolved-direct absorption profile (TR-DAP) measurement method by TD-LAS, with time resolution of mu s is proposed here as an extension of the regular use of diode laser absorption spectroscopy. The spectral narrowness of laser diodes, especially in the blue range (similar to 0.01 pm), combined with the nanosecond fast trigger of the magnetron pulsed plasma and long trace recording on the oscilloscope (period of second scale) permit the detection of the sputtered titanium metal evolution in the afterglow (similar to ms).