41, 95% CI 0.31-0.56; 3 trials). Symptomatic UTI and pyelonephritis were not reported. No significant reduction was found in all-cause mortality and adverse events rates; conflicting results were reported for the development of resistant bacteria. Very few trials assessed the efficacy of prophylaxis for UTI following renal

transplantation. Prophylaxis reduced bacteriuria and sepsis with bacteremia; effects on graft survival could not be demonstrated.”
“Purpose: To investigate the phytochemistry and cytotoxic activity of the leaf, branch and fruit extracts of Vatica diospyroides Symington type LS, an endangered medicinal plant in the peninsula of Thailand.

Methods: Extracts of the mature leaves, branches and fruit (both cotyledon and pericarp) of five-year Linsitinib supplier old tree were obtained using various organic solvents. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and phytochemical screening were Selleck Dinaciclib employed to identify the chemical constituents. Cytotoxicity was characterized by 50 % inhibition (IC50) of human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthaizol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

Results: The extracts of the plant

parts differed in chemical composition. Terpenoids and anthraquinones were present in all extracts, while cardiac glycosides and tannins were isolated from the branches and leaves, respectively. The acetone and methanol extracts of the fruit cotyledons were highly cytotoxic against MDA-MB-468 cell line (IC50 = 3.1 mu g/ml for both extracts), whereas acetone and dichloromethane Anlotinib mouse extracts of the fruit pericarps were highly active against MCF-7 cell line (IC50 = 18.2 and 21.0 mu g/ml, respectively). The other extracts were less active.

Conclusion: This work revealed the potentials of V. diospyroides fruit as a cytotoxic agent against human breast cancer cell lines. However, further studies, including identification and purification of the

active compounds, will need to be pursued.”
“Objective: Temporal bone encephaloceles and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorrhea can lead to life-threatening sequelae such as meningitis and cerebritis. Obesity has been associated with spontaneous CSF leaks. We wished to determine if there were differences in the body mass index (BMI) of patients with spontaneous temporal bone encephaloceles/CSF leaks and nonspontaneous temporal bone encephaloceles/CSF leaks to help determine if obesity may be associated with their development.

Study Design: Single institution retrospective comparison.

Methods: Demographic and clinical information was obtained from 20 patients treated for surgically confirmed temporal bone dehiscence leading to encephalocele and/or CSF otorrhea. Statistical analysis was performed on patients with spontaneous and nonspontaneous encephaloceles/CSF leaks to determine if there were differences in the degree of obesity between these groups.