However, little is known about the diagnostic criteria used to de

However, little is known about the diagnostic criteria used to determine the need for manipulation in cases of neck pain. The primary aim of this study was to determine what diagnostic criteria are used to identify which neck pain sufferers should receive spinal manipulation or mobilization. Design We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCT) involving mobilization or manipulation for neck pain. A data extraction pro forma was developed and trialled before two independent assessors extracted data sets from each RCT. A descriptive analysis was undertaken. Results Thirty RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Acute and chronic Mechanical neck pain was the most common (43%)

diagnosis at recruitment to the RCTs but some (10%) included patients GSK3235025 clinical trial with cervicogenic headache. Clinical criteria were used to determine

the need for AC220 inhibitor neck manipulation in over half (63%) of the RCTs. This usually involved exclusion of serious conditions, manual examination for tenderness on palpation, and/or altered vertebral motion in the neck or upper thoracic region which are known to lack validity. The remainder of the RCTs did not report a diagnostic strategy. All RCTs lacked detail descriptions of diagnostic criteria or interventions used. Conclusions This systematic review highlights the absence of reliable and valid diagnostic protocols to determine the need for spinal manipulation in persons presenting with non-serious, idiopathic, or whiplash-associated (grade II) neck pain. Guidelines requiring the reporting of valid diagnostic criteria are needed to improve the quality of RCTs concerning manual therapy.”
“Following

our recent theoretical and experimental results that show how zero-permittivity metamaterials may provide anomalous tunneling and energy squeezing through ultranarrow waveguide channels, here we report an experimental investigation of the bending features relative to this counterintuitive resonant effect. We generate the required effectively zero permittivity using a waveguide operating at the cutoff of its dominant mode, and we show how sharp selleck chemicals and narrow bends may be inserted within the propagation channel without causing any sensible reflection or loss and without affecting its tunneling properties.”
“Objective. Patients with dementia, whose ability to provide self-report of pain is often impaired, are in crucial need of observers who can detect and judge the patients’ pain-indicative behaviors appropriately, in order to initiate treatment. The facial display of pain promises to be especially informative for that purpose. The major aim of the study was to investigate, whether facial pain displays of patients with dementia can be as easily interpreted as facial displays of individuals without cognitive impairment and whether nurses have learnedthrough their professional training and work experienceto better read the facial display of pain compared with a control group. DesignSubjects and Outcome Measures.

Comments are closed.