Although the ‘disconnect-reconnect’ technique is crude, it is commonly practiced in our experience and interestingly not previously reported in the literature. The objective of our study was Entinostat therefore to determine whether an optimal syringe size exists to facilitate rapid pediatric fluid resuscitation using the ‘disconnect-reconnect’ technique of manual fluid administration. Figure 1 The ‘disconnect-reconnect’ technique for rapid fluid

resuscitation. This method involves (1) connecting a fluid filled syringe to the IV extension tubing, (2) administering the fluid manually, and then (3) disconnecting the empty syringe, … Methods The study Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical was a single-blind, non-clinical, parallel group randomized controlled trial with four study arms. The trial was conducted at McMaster Children’s Hospital, a tertiary pediatric academic center in Hamilton, Canada. Approval for Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical study conduct was obtained from the Faculty of Health Sciences/Hamilton Health Sciences Research

Ethics Board. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to participation. Although a non-clinical trial, we elected to register this Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical study at www.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01494116). Conduct of this trial was supported by funds obtained from the Department of Pediatrics. Study participants Eligible participants included staff physicians,

postgraduate trainees, and nurses who were recruited Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical by an e-mail and poster campaign. We excluded non-English speaking individuals and those incapable of performing manual fluid administration with a syringe. Gift certificates ($25 coffee card) were offered to each subject as a participation incentive. To further motivate peak performance among subjects, further prizes were awarded for those with the Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical fastest fluid administration times. Participants were only allowed to participate on one occasion. Randomization, allocation and blinding Participants were assigned to one of four study arms, in 1:1:1:1 ratio, using a third party randomization technique. The independent third party created the randomization schedule using http://www.randomization.com and kept ADP ribosylation factor this secret from and inaccessible to the investigators. Allocation was therefore concealed. The randomization schedule utilized permuted blocks of randomly varying size. Participants were provided with details regarding the trial sufficient to achieve informed consent however they were not advised of the hypotheses of the investigators. It was not possible to blind the research assistants, as they needed to be familiar with the study protocol and administer the intervention.