Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05 and in cases where significant differences were detected between time points pre- to post-supplementation, P-value was corrected using the Sidak adjustment. Responses at 10 and 35°C were analysed separately. Student paired t-tests were also used to examine the difference between pre- to post-supplementation for the rest of the comparisons. All statistical analysis was completed using the statistical

package SPSS, version 15.0 (Statistica 8.0, Statsoft Inc., Tulsa, USA). Results Subject characteristics The 15 male subjects were trained distance runners with being 63.5 ± 5.2 ml·kg-1·min-1, age, 24 ± 5 yr; height, 180 ± 7 cm; BM, 69.5 ± Sirolimus solubility dmso 5.0 kg (values are presented as the mean ± SD). Body

Mass and Water Compartments Supplementation induced significant increase in BM, TBW, ICW and ECW (P < 0.01; Figure 4). During supplementation period as well as the preceding week averaged daily energy intake (Pre: 12.8 ± 2.1 MJ·d-1; Post: 11,5 ± 2.4 M J·d-1) and averaged proportion of energy obtained from carbohydrate (Pre: 55 ± 5%; Post: 49 ± 11%), fat (Pre: 33 ± 5% Post: 36 ± 6%), and protein (Pre: 13 ± 1%; Post: 14 ± 3%) were not significant different. Figure 4 Changes in body mass (BM), total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW) induced by supplementation. Data presented as mean ± SD. *Significant difference between pre- and post-supplementation. PLX3397 nmr The units for Δ body composition are kg for BM and L for body water compartments. Cardiopulmonary Variables Over the duration of running at 10°C , and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) remained constant (Table 1).

Over the duration of running at 35°C and increased significantly (P < 0.05, AVOVA, time effect) while the values of RER were constant. No significant differences were detected for , , RER between pre- and post-supplementation trials during running at both 10 and 35°C (Table 1). HR increased significantly over the duration of running at 10 and 35°C (P < 0.05, for both, ANOVA, time effect). During running at 10°C there fantofarone was no difference in HR between pre-and post-supplementation trials (Figure 5). During running at 35°C, HR was significantly lower (P < 0.05, ANOVA, trial effect) in the post-supplementation trial compared to the pre-supplementation trial. Table 1 Oxygen consumption , carbon dioxide production , respiratory exchange ratio (RPE) during 30 min of running at 10 and 35°C conducted before and after supplementation.       Exercise time (min) Variable Condition   5 10 15 20 25 30 (mL·kg-1·min-1) 10°C Pre 37.4 ± 2.4 37.6 ± 2.0 37.7 ± 1.8 38.7 ± 2.2 38.8 ± 2.7 38.9 ± 2.8     Post 36.4 ± 2.8 37.4 ± 1.5 36.9 ± 1.7 37.7 ± 1.8 37.6 ± 2.2 38.4 ± 3.3   35°C Prea 37.2 ± 2.4 39.5 ± 2.4 39.5 ± 2.3 40.3 ± 2.6 40.5 ± 4.4 41.2 ± 3.3     Posta 36.7 ± 2.4 37.9 ± 2.3 37.4 ± 3.2 38.4 ± 2.6 39.1 ± 2.1 38.5 ± 3.1 (mL·kg-1·min-1) 10°C Prea 32.8 ± 1.7 33.7 ± 2.2 33.9 ± 1.4 34.4 ± 2.