Trials were performed Daporinad using different gas flow rates (6, 8 and 10 L/min), humidification chambers (MR290, MR225) and water volumes (30g. 108g). Temperature was recorded at the humidifier chamber (T1), distal temperature probe (T2) and the T-piece (T3) over a 20 min period at 30s intervals. A test lung was added during one trial.
Results: No significant difference existed between flow rates 8L/min and 10 L/min (p = 0.091, p = 0.631). T3 reached 36 C and remained stable at 360s (8 L/min, MR225, 30 mL); near 100% RH was reached at 107 s(10 L/min, MR225, 30 mL). T3 and humidity reached and remained stable at 480 s(10 L/min, MR290, 30 mL). Target temperature and humidity was not reached
with the test lung.
Conclusions: It is possible to deliver heated, humidified gases in neonatal resuscitation in a clinically acceptable timeframe. We suggest the set-up to achieve optimal temperature and humidity for resuscitation purposes is 10 L/min of gas flow, a MR290 humidification chamber, and 30 mL of water. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose
This
study was undertaken to evaluate the significance of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) overexpression and the expression of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs).
Materials and Methods
Two hundred and forty-seven cases of GEP-NET, comprising
86 foregut PKC412 cost and 156 hindgut primary NETs, and 5 metastatic NETs in AL3818 mouse the liver, were studied retrospectively with immunohistochemistry for COX2, chromogranin A, Ki-67, SSTR1, SSTR2, and SSTR5.
Results
COX2 overexpression was observed in 54%(126 of 234), and SSTR1, SSTR2, and SSTR5 positivity in 84%(196 of 233), 72%(168 of 233), and 55%(128 of 232), respectively. COX2 overexpression was found to be positively correlated with Ki-67 labeling index and inversely correlated with the expression of SSTR subtypes. In addition, the expression of SSTR subtypes was tightly correlated in any comparative pairs. A significant inverse correlation was found between COX2 and SSTR2 expression in the foregut, but not hindgut NETs. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that COX2 overexpression (p=0.003) and high Ki-67 labeling index (p < 0.001) were associated with poor overall survival (OS), whereas expression of SSTR2 (p < 0.001) was associated with better OS of GEP-NET patients. Multivariate analysis revealed negative SSTR2 expression as an independent prognostic marker in GEP-NET patients (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Our results suggest that expression of SSTR subtypes is associated with favorable prognosis, whereas COX2 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in GEP-NETs. Taken together, COX2 could be a possible therapeutic target in some subsets of GEP-NETs.