To elevate muscle NT3 expression, we took advantage of mice in which NT3 is overexpressed in skeletal muscle under the control of a myosin light chain (mlc1) promoter

( Taylor et al., 2001). In wild-type mice, muscle-targeted expression of an NT3 transgene resulted in a 2.3-fold increase in pSN number (from ∼230 pSNs/DRG in wild-type mice to ∼540 pSNs/DRG in mlc1NT3 mice) ( Figures 7A and 7B). In L5 DRG the number of pSNs increased by 1.4-fold (from ∼550 in wild-type to ∼810 pSNs/DRG in mlc1NT3 mice) ( Figures 7A and 7B). These NT3-mediated increases in pSN number in L2 and L5 DRG were quantitatively similar to increases observed in Bax1−/− mice ( Figure S4), consistent with the idea that enhanced NT3 signaling prevents the apoptotic death of pSNs. SAHA HDAC order In NT3 heterozygous mice the number of L2 pSNs was reduced by ∼70% of wild-type values, but in L5 DRG the reduction was only ∼55%

( Figure 7C). Thus, the L2 pSN population is more sensitive to elevating learn more or reducing peripheral NT3 levels than their L5 pSN counterparts. We next examined how an elevation of muscle NT3 expression impacts L2 and L5 pSN number in Etv1 mutants. Expression of the mlc1NT3 transgene in Etv1 mutants increased the number of L2 pSNs 2.1-fold, and the number of L5 pSNs 1.4-fold, elevations almost identical to those observed in wild-type mice ( Figures 7A and 7B). In addition, muscle expression of the mlc1NT3 transgene largely restored intraspinal axonal trajectories of pSNs supplying axial, hypaxial, and limb muscles ( Figure 5C; see also Li et al., 2006). More specifically, we determined whether elevation of NT3 expression in Etv1 mutants is able to restore through pSN innervation of muscles that express low levels of NT3. Assessing the status of sensory innervation of body wall, intercostal, and gluteus muscle in Etv1−/−;mlc1NT3

mice revealed vGluT1+ SSEs in all three muscles ( Figure 7D, data not shown). Morphologically the “restored” spindles were highly disorganized, however, and often extended much of the length of the intrafusal muscle fiber ( Figure 7D). Nevertheless, these results further support a view in which NT3, and its muscle-by-muscle variation in expression level, sets the status of Etv1-dependence for pSNs. The diversification of pSNs into discrete functional subclasses drives the assembly of spinal sensory-motor circuits, but the elemental units of sensory diversity and their molecular origins have remained obscure. We report here that developing pSNs destined to innervate different muscle targets exhibit a marked variability in dependence on the ETS transcription factor Etv1, both for survival and differentiation.