There was an age-related decrease in SICI and an age-related decline in all dexterity measures. The level of SICI was not correlated with any of the dexterity measures, but the appearance of atypical facilitation (rather than inhibition) in some subjects was associated with impaired pegboard performance but not force-matching performance. We conclude that SICI at rest is reduced with healthy aging
but this loss of SICI does not directly contribute to the loss of dexterity; a shift in the balance of facilitatory and inhibitory processes in motor cortex to facilitation might interfere with sequenced hand movements. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the https://www.selleckchem.com/products/torin-2.html Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.”
“In this event-related
fMRI Silmitasertib cost study, we sought to investigate the influence of negative affect on the processing of two kinds of cognitive interference: Stroop-interference and oddball interference. For our purpose, we adopted an oddball variant of the Stroop task in which Stroop-interference and oddball interference conditions were created by presenting incongruent and rarely occurring word meanings, respectively. Immediately preceding the target stimuli, we presented pictures of the International Affective Picture System which were either emotionally negative and arousing or emotionally neutral, providing two affective conditions under which the cognitive task was administered. Both the behavioral and the neuroimaging data exhibited an interaction effect between emotional and cognitive condition. First, the emotion induction selectively impaired behavioral performance on interference trials while behavioral measures on non-interference trials were roughly identical in both emotional conditions. Second, in the negative emotional condition there was incremental interference-related activation in control-related regions (fronto-parietal cortices). Taken together, findings suggest
that negative affect specifically disturbs the neural control processes that in a neutral affective state allow to select task-relevant information and to shield its processing from task-irrelevant check details distraction. Accordingly, agents in a negative affective state have to exert enhanced control efforts to resolve cognitive interference. Additional connectivity analyses revealed that a negative coupling between lateral PFC on the one hand and amygdala and OFC on the other is related to enhanced interference resolution which can be tentatively interpreted as evidence that emotional regulation is an integrated part of an agent’s efforts to preserve cognitive performance in affective situations. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.”
“The activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is expressed by various types of cellular insults.