The results for sociodemographic variables are mixed with the exception of marital status: Being married increases SKI 606 the probability of expected quitting and/or lower cigarette consumption. Table 3 examines predictors of Model C. In generalized ordered logit models, variables can have differential impact across quit intention stages. The default generalized ordered logit model is similar to a series of binary logistic regressions. Each model contrasts the value of the dependent variable (and any lower value) with all values above. A positive coefficient means that a higher value of the explanatory variable is associated with a higher likelihood that a smoker is further up on the quit continuum scale.

For variables that satisfy the parallel lines assumption and have the same coefficients across the stages of our dependent variable, we present their coefficients only in the first two columns. For variables that have different coefficients across the stages of the dependent variable, we report all their coefficients. Table 3. Generalized Ordered Logit models for quit intention scale �C all countries The self-reported price has a differential impact on the quit intention scale with its impact being the largest at the end of the scale leading to quitting (Table 3). The larger the price increase (in absolute terms) that an individual faces, given his/her current brand/price choice, the higher the likelihood that s/he leans toward quitting as opposed to no behavioral change or change in behavior that excludes quitting.

The effect of the other price measure is also positive but similar across the stages of quitting: Higher state prices/taxes motivate smokers to move up along the quit intention scale toward quitting. The level of addiction, as measured by number of cigarettes smoked per day, pushes a smoker away from quitting. Compared with U.S. smokers, Canadian and Australian smokers are significantly more likely to respond with either no change in smoking behavior or with quitting (the two extreme responses), while U.K. smokers are significantly more likely to respond with no change in smoking behavior. Being married encourages smokers to move toward quitting, but high level of education and income seems to work in the opposite direction. Table 4 presents results of Model C when the sample is reduced to U.S. and Canadian respondents only.

The findings confirm that a larger cigarette price increase. and a higher price level motivates a smoker to move up along the quit intention scale. The impact of both price measures is similar across stages, with the self-reported Brefeldin_A price having a larger impact. In all specifications, Canadian smokers tend to migrate toward both extremes of the cessation scale: either no change in smoking behavior or ��trying to quit�� only. Canadian smokers are therefore less likely to engage in compensatory behavior compared with U.S. smokers. Table 4.