The IC50 (nM/mL) values are shown in Table 1. Superoxide anion radical scavenging effect Measurement of superoxide anion scavenging activity of the synthesized compound was taken based on the method described by Nishimiki et al. (1972) and slightly modified. About 1 mL of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) solution (156 μM NBT in 100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4), NADH solution (1 mL) (reduced form of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) (468 μM in 100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4) and sample solution (0.1 mL) of compounds (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 100 μg) in distilled water were mixed and the reaction started by adding phenazine methosulphate (PMS)

solution (100 μL) (60 μM PMS in 100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4). The reaction mixture was incubated at 25 °C for 5 min, and the absorbance at AZD2281 order 560 nm was measured against blank samples. Catechin was used as reference compound. All the experiments were performed in triplicate, and the results were averaged. The percentage

of inhibition was determined by comparing the results of control and test samples. The IC50 (nM/mL) value are CHIR-99021 research buy depicted in Table 1. Nitric oxide radical scavenging effect Nitric oxide generated from sodium nitroprusside in aqueous solution at physiological pH interacts with AZD8931 oxygen to produce nitrite ions, which were measured by the Griess reaction (Marcocci et al., 1994; Green et al., 1982). Scavenger of nitric oxide competes with oxygen leading to reduced production of nitric oxide (Mondal et al., 2006). The reaction mixture (3 mL) containing sodium nitroprusside (10 mM) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and the compounds in different concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 100 μg) were incubated at 25 °C for 150 min. At every 30-min interval, the incubated sample (0.5 mL) was removed and Griess reagent (1 % sulphanilamide, 0.1 % naphthylethylene diamine dihydrochloride in 2 % H3PO4) (0.5 mL) was added. The absorbance of the chromophore formed was measured at 546 nm. All the analyses Gemcitabine mouse were

performed in triplicate, and the results were averaged. The percentage inhibition of nitric oxide generated was measured by comparing the absorbance values of control and test. Curcumin was used as a reference compound. The IC50 (nM/mL) values are reported in Table 1. In vitro antimitotic activity by Allium cepa (onion) meristem root model Small bulbs (1.5–2.0 cm in diameter) of the common onion, A. cepa (2n = 16), were purchased from vendor at a local market. Prior to initiating the test, the outer scales of the bulbs and the dry bottom plate were removed without destroying the root primordia. The roots of A. cepa were grown in distilled water in Erlenmeyer flasks (200 mL capacity) under laboratory conditions (dark 24 °C). For each synthesized compound sample, after reaching a length of 3 cm (±0.5 cm), a series of six bulbs were placed in distilled water (pH 7.