The duplex real-time RT-PCR was capable of specifically detecting different subgroups of wild-type CSFV and different strains of NAgenotype PRRSV, whereas a number of non-CSFV/PRRSV porcine viruses and bovine pestivirus were tested negative. Out Of 155 field samples, 16 were tested positive for CSFV, 73 were positive for PRRSV, and 13 were co-infected with the two Viruses. These results were 99.4% in agreement with those using conventional RT-PCRs. Therefore, the assay provides sensitive and simultaneous detection and differentiation of CSFV and PRRSV. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights

reserved.”
“Spontaneously depressed flinders sensitive line (FSL) rats showed a reduced expression of mGlu2/3 metabotropic glutamate receptors in the hippocampus, as compared to “”non-depressed”" flinders resistant line (FRL) rats. No

changes in mGlu2/3 receptor protein this website levels were found in other brain regions, including the amygdala, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex. Biochemical analysis of receptor signalling supported the reduction of mGlu2/3 receptors in the hippocampus selleckchem of FSL rats. Accordingly, the selective mGlu2/3 receptor agonist, LY379268 (1 mu M) reduced forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation by 56% and 32% in hippocampal slices from FRL and FSL rats, respectively. In addition, LY379268 enhanced 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine-stimulated inositol phospholipid hydrolysis from 65% to 215% in hippocampal slices from FRL rats, whereas it was inactive in slices from FRL rats. We also examined the behavioural response of FSL rats to systemic injection see more of LY379268 (0.5 mg/kg,

i.p., once a day for 1-21 days) by measuring the immobility time in the forced swim test, which is known to be increased in these rats. LY379268 was administered alone or combined with the classical antidepressant, chlorimipramine (10 mg/kg, i.p.). LY379268 alone had no effect at any of the selected time-points, whereas chlorimipramine alone reduced the immobility time only after 21 days of treatment. In contrast, when combined with LY379268, chlorimipramine reduced the immobility time during the first 14 days of treatment. These data support the view that rnGlu2/3 receptors might be involved in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders, and that pharmacological activation of these receptors may shorten the latency of antidepressant medication. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) is a unique gene amplification method that can be completed within 45 min at 63 degrees C. In this study, RT-LAMP was used to develop a rapid and sensitive laboratory diagnostic system for the H9 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV).