Recruitment of practices was easier than anticipated, as DCs were enthusiastic about participating in a tobacco cessation study. We initially selleck products approached 32 practices in Lane County (Eugene/Springfield), Oregon. Out of those, we had little difficulty recruiting 10 (31.3%) practices to participate in Phase 1. All those practices were invited to continue with Phase 2 of the study. Two practices chose not to continue, one due to low patient volume and the other for personal reasons. We easily replaced those two practices through participating DCs�� recommendations. In addition, we approached 45 practices in Linn and Benton Counties (Salem, Albany, and Corvallis), Oregon. Of those, we recruited 10 (22.2%) practices in a 3-month period.

Patients Patient participants consisted of adult tobacco-using patients, aged 18 years or older, presenting for treatment at participating chiropractic practices. Enrollment of patients occurred over a 3- to 4-month period of time in each practice. We recruited 210 patients at baseline. After enrollment, 8 enrollees were found to be ineligible and 1 declined to participate, leaving a sample of 201. The most common reasons for ineligibility were not being a patient at the clinic, not being at the clinic for a chiropractic visit, and being <18 years of age. Participant retention Practitioners All DCs and staff members who agreed to participate in Phase 1 of the study attended every focus group meeting and actively participated in the intervention and materials development process.

During Phase 2, all practitioners and staff members attended the 3-hr workshop and subsequent 1-hr follow-up booster/feedback sessions. Patients Of the 201 eligible patients assessed at baseline, follow-up assessments were completed with 187 (93.0%) at 6 weeks, 173 (86.1%) at 6 months, and 155 (77.1%) at 12 months. Assessments Practitioners Practitioners were assessed at baseline, 3 and 12 months postenrollment, for current levels of intervention-related behaviors (e.g., routinely asking about patients�� tobacco use), attitudes (e.g., it is appropriate for DCs to advise smokers to quit), and perceived barriers to incorporating tobacco cessation into routine care (e.g., lack of time). A factor analysis resulted in three scales: behaviors (nine items; �� = .71), attitudes (four items; �� = .83), and barriers (seven items; �� = .74).

Patients Patients were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, Brefeldin_A 6 months, and 12 months postenrollment. Consents and baseline assessments were collected via paper forms in each participating practice. Follow-up assessments were conducted via telephone. Our original design included only a 6-week and 6-month assessment. However, because our sample size was smaller than anticipated, we added a 12-month assessment to obtain additional information on our sample for a longer period of time.