Our evidence SCH772984 suggests that the observed cue-validity effect is an awareness-independent involuntary re-orienting response, and that the neurodynamics underlying the exogenous capture of attention are similar with or

without awareness. The finding of a significant awareness-independent effect in the area of 40 Hz implies that a stimulus-induced modulation of power in the canonical gamma band is not a sufficient condition for sensory awareness. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) delivered over the posterior parietal cortex increases choice reaction times in visual search for a target defined by a conjunction of features. Some recent studies of visual search have taken an approach based on signal detection theory, the findings of which are not addressed by studying

the disruptive effects of TMS on reaction MK 1775 time. Here we investigated the role of the posterior parietal cortex in visual search by applying TMS while subjects performed unspeeded feature and conjunction visual search tasks matched for level of difficulty. TMS over the right, but not the left angular gyrus (AG) in the parietal cortex, nor vertex decreased subjects’ sensitivity on the conjunction but not the feature search task, as measured by the signal detection measure, d’. Changes in bias, specifically the tendency to make false positive responses, were less clear. We consider the findings in terms of four possible explanation: binding, attentional control, spatial localisation and visuomotor co-ordinate transformations. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Smooth pursuit eye movements (SP) are driven by moving objects. The pursuit system processes the visual input signals and transforms this information into an oculomotor output

signal. Despite the object’s movement on the retina and the eyes’ movement in the head, we are able to locate the object in space implying coordinate transformations from retinal to head LY411575 cost and space coordinates. To test for the visual and oculomotor components of SP and the possible transformation sites, we investigated three experimental conditions: (I) fixation of a stationary target with a second target moving across the retina (visual), (II) pursuit of the moving target with the second target moving in phase (oculomotor), (III) pursuit of the moving target with the second target remaining stationary (visuo-oculomotor). Precise eye movement data were simultaneously measured with the fMRI data.

Visual components of activation during SP were located in the motion-sensitive, temporo-parieto-occipital region MT+ and the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC).