However, the splinting regimen did not have a therapeutic effect on active wrist extension, flexion, radial, and ulnar deviation, self-rated performance

of the wrist, or satisfaction with that performance. Following baseline measurements, participants were randomised to experimental (dynamic splint) or control groups using the principles of concealed random allocation. For this purpose, a computerised blocked randomisation sequence Selleck CX5461 was generated prior to the commencement of the trial by an independent offsite person. Participants’ allocations were placed in opaque sealed and sequentially numbered envelopes that were held off-site. A participant was considered to have entered the trial once his/her envelope was opened. Both the control and the experimental groups received usual care, consisting of general advice and a home exercise program, which was monitored but not supervised. The advice and exercises were standardised and provided by a therapist blinded to the allocation. For example, both control and treatment groups received a program consisting Obeticholic Acid of the same type of exercises which participants were instructed to perform at least three times throughout the day. Participants were shown the exercises and given a copy in written format. These exercises were directed at increasing

active and passive wrist flexion, wrist extension, radial deviation, ulnar deviation, forearm pronation, and supination. They were also aimed at increasing wrist and grip strength. Verbal advice was given about how quickly participants could expect pain to resolve, and their strength and function to return. The participants were also advised to use the hand of the affected wrist as much as possible in day-to-day activities. In addition to the advice and exercises, participants in the experimental group received a dynamic splint (see Figure 1). The splint was custom-made from thermoplastic material and incorporated an axis about the flexion-extension plane of the wrist. The fingers

and thumb were unrestricted. A constant low-load stretch was applied in the direction of wrist extension via an Fossariinae elastic band, with the stretch set as high as tolerated by each participant. This stretch was adjusted once every two weeks to maintain the wrist at maximal tolerated extension. Participants were instructed to wear the splint for as long as possible during the day, aiming for at least six hours a day of cumulative splint wear. They were encouraged to actively flex their wrist against the splint intermittently, and were advised to continue activities of daily living whilst wearing the splint wherever possible. Both control and experimental participants were asked to record in diaries how often they performed their exercises.