Comparisons of PCR and
shotgun sequenced SSU-rRNA markers derived from the global open ocean revealed that while PCR libraries identify more OTUs per sequenced residue, metagenomic libraries recover a greater taxonomic diversity of OTUs. In addition, we discover novel species, genera and families in the metagenomic libraries, including OTUs from phyla missed by analysis of PCR sequences. Taken together, these results suggest that PhylOTU enables characterization of part of the biosphere currently hidden from PCR-based surveys of diversity?”
“Background: Most current indices of synchrony quantify left ventricular (LV) contraction pattern in terms of a single, global (integrated) measure. We report the development and physiological relevance of a novel method to quantify LV segmental contraction synchrony.
Methods: LV pressure-volume and echocardiographic data were collected in seven anesthetized, opened-chest dogs under several pacing modes: right Lazertinib solubility dmso atrial (RA) (control), right ventricular Combretastatin A4 (RV) (dyssynchrony), and additional LV pacing at either apex (CRTa) or free wall (CRTf). Cross-correlation-based integrated (CCSIint) and segmental (CCSIseg) measures of synchrony were calculated from speckle-tracking derived
radial strain, along with a commonly used index (maximum time delay). LV contractility was quantified using either E-es (ESPVR slope) or ESPVRarea (defined in the manuscript).
Results: RV pacing decreased CCSIint at LV base (0.95 +/- 0.02 [RA] vs 0.64 +/- 0.14 [RV]; P < 0.05) and only CRTa improved it (0.93 +/- 0.03; P < 0.05 vs RV). The CCSIseg analysis identified anteroseptal and septal segments as being responsible for the low CCSIint during RV pacing and inferior segment for poor resynchronization with CRTf. Changes in ESPVRarea, and not in E-es, indicated depressed LV contractility with RV pacing, an observation consistent with significantly decreased global LV performance (stroke work [SW]: 252 +/- 23 [RA] vs 151 +/- 24 [RV] mJ; P < 0.05).
Only CRTa improved SW and contractility (SW: 240 +/- 19 mJ; ESPVRarea: 545 +/- 175 mmHg.mL; both P < 0.01 vs RV). Only changes in CCSIseg and global LV contractility were strongly correlated (R-2 = 0.698, Akt inhibitor P = 0.005).
Conclusion: CCSIseg provided insights into the changes in LV integrated contraction pattern and a better link to global LV contractility changes. (PACE 2012; 35:174-187)”
“We have found that when muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) are implanted into a variety of tissues only a small fraction of the donor cells can be found within the regenerated tissues and the vast majority of cells are host derived. This observation has also been documented by other investigators using a variety of different stem cell types. It is speculated that the transplanted stem cells release factors that modulate repair indirectly by mobilizing the host’s cells and attracting them to the injury site in a paracrine manner.