Changes in pipeline properties in the longitudinal direction such as diameter and wavespeed can be accounted for by altering the variables in Equations (6) and (7).3.?Numerical AnalysisThis section examines the effect that changes in pipeline wall condition have on transient behaviour within a pipeline. Changes in pipe wall conditions can alter three key parameters. The first is a change in the nominal diameter (D), which can increase due to internal corrosion of the pipe wall and delamination of internal protective linings, or decrease where corrosion leads to tuberculation. The second parameter is the wavespeed (a) which can be affected by the delamination of protective linings, internal and
Toddlers are likely to fall because their heads are heavier in proportion to the rest of their bodies and they are still learning how to find their balance at this stage.

According to Morrongiello’s study [1], falls are the most common cause of serious injury in toddlers. Moreover, toddlers and preschoolers experience most fall injuries at home. Consequently, fall detection, prediction, and prevention to assist parents’ supervision become critical issues for toddler healthcare at home.Starting from a balanced state, a typical human fall usually involves the transition of a series of states: losing balance, impacting with objects or the floor, and finally lying down after the impact. In contrast to fall detection (detect after lying down) [2�C7] and pre-impact detection (detect descending in just a few milliseconds before the first impact) [8�C11], we propose an early-warning system to identify fall-prone behaviors, assess fall risks, and predict potential fall dangers in the relatively long-term future (a few seconds).

It Entinostat is extremely important to trigger an alarm early so toddlers are alerted to stop behaving dangerously and caregivers have time to intervene to avoid accidental falls. However, providing early-warning of fall risks poses significant computational difficulties and multi-modal fusion problems, particularly in the case of toddlers, who are relatively vivacious and energetic compared to adults. Moreover, making an accurate and quick decision is critical in a fall risk assessment system. Missed and late detections can lead to dangerous situations, and false alarms can cause users to lose trust in a system and ignore system alerts.Fall risks can be influenced by intrinsic, environmental, and behavioral factors. The intrinsic factors include individual health conditions and medical records. The environmental factors involve potential dangers found in a living space, such as a slippery floor, floor clutter, or furniture with sharp edges. The behavioral factors involve body postures or movements that may lead to falls.