(C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Optimal functional recovery after stroke is the most important to improve quality of life. Contralateral hemisphere of infarction site plays an important role for the recovery. The underlying processes in contralateral hemisphere during recovery have not see more yet been

fully elucidated. We have previously reported the increase in synaptic turnover in the contralateral somatosensmy cortex (SSC) during 1st week after infarction of the unilateral SSC. The neuronal circuit was remodeled after this period to process bilateral information in the remaining hemisphere, and functional compensation was achieved. In the present study, we used in vivo electrophysiological recording to detect the current source density (CSD) for somatosensory input. Interestingly, a specific CSD pattern was detected in the layer II/III region of contralateral SSC

and the duration was significantly correlated with functional recovery. These results VEGFR inhibitor indicate that the compensational remodeling of neuronal circuit in the intact hemisphere may be dominantly induced in layer II/III neurons. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Aims: This study was designed to characterize a beta-glucosidase of Oenococcus oeni ST81, a strain isolated from a Spanish wine of the origin appellation Ribeira Sacra. Methods and

Results: The beta-glucosidase of O.similar to oeni ST81 seems to have a periplasmic localization into the cells. This activity was strongly inhibited by gluconic acid, partially inhibited by glucose and not inhibited by fructose, lactate, malate, mannitol or sorbitol. Ethanol increased the activity of this enzyme up to 147%. Among the several metal ions assayed, only Fe2+ (10 mmol l-1) and Cu2+ (5 mmol l-1) exhibited a partial inhibitory effect (40%). This enzyme was partially purified using a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatographic methods. The single peak because of beta-glucosidase in all chromatographic columns indicates the presence selleck chemicals llc of a single enzyme with an estimated molecular mass of 140 kDa. The calculated Km and Vmax values for 4-nitrophenyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside were 0.38 mmol l-1 and 5.21 nmol min-1, respectively. The enzyme was stable at pH 5.0 with a value of t1/2 = 50 days for the crude extract. Conclusions: The beta-glucosidase of O.similar to oeni ST81 is substantially different from those characterized from other wine-related lactic acid bacteria (LAB), such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis; however, it appears to be closely related to a beta-glucosidase from O.similar to oeni ATCC BAA-1163 cloned into Escherichia coli.