An interesting feature is the low CD62L expression by mobilized PCs. CD62L plays an important role in leucocyte–endothelial cell interaction. It is essential to mediate lymphocyte adhesion and transmigration into the lymph nodes from high endothelial venules to the parenchyma, and also contributes to the recruitment of leucocytes from the blood to areas of inflammation.25 CD62L is highly expressed by circulating PCs

detected in steady-state conditions or 7 days after TT vaccination,13–15 while it is absent on PCs from the BM, spleen or tonsil.14,15 CD62L is also expressed by newly generated PCs in vitro. 20 The role of CD62L in PC migration into the BM is not known, and the homing of mobilized PCs in the BM remains to be demonstrated. The check details lack of CD62L expression by mobilized PCs suggests that these

PCs could originate from AZD1152 HQPA the BM or tissue PCs that are induced to recirculate, and they do not correspond to newly generated PCs. These findings, together with the relatively high expression of KI-67 found for mobilized PCs, indicate that these cells are not quiescent and that the mobilization process of tissue PCs into the PB could require activation of BM/tissue PCs and their entry into the G1 cell cycle phase. The overall number of PCs in a healthy individual has been estimated to be around 109.1 These PCs may survive for decades at least and are responsible for the long-term humoral memory. Based on these calculations, the number of infused PCs would represent around one-thirtieth of the overall PC count in an adult. It is interesting to consider that these cells can home to the BM and other tissues and contribute to maintain some of the donor’s humoral memory in the grafted patient. Calpain This work was supported by grants from the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (équipe labellisée 2009), Paris, France, from INCA (n° RPT09001FFA), and from MSCNET European strep (N°E06005FF).

Cytometry analyses were run on the cytometry platform of the Institute of Research in Biotherapy (http://irb.montp.inserm.fr/en/index.php?page=Plateau&IdEquipe=3, Montpellier Rio Imaging). The authors report no potential conflicts of interest. AC contributed to the carrying out of the experiments, the design of the research, and the writing of the paper. MPA and AO contributed to the writing of the paper. ML contributed to the carrying out of the experiments. TK, ZYL and JFR provided the donor samples. BK contributed to the design of the research and the writing of the paper. “
“Commercially available inactivated vaccines against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) have been shown to be effective in reducing PCV2 viremia. Live-attenuated, orally administered vaccines are widely used in the swine industry for several pathogens because of their ease of use yet they are not currently available for PCV2 and efficacy.