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electrophoresis: a single gel method for detecting changes in protein extracts. Electrophoresis 1997, 18:2071–2077.PubMedCrossRef Competing interests The authors have declared no competing of interests. Authors’ contributions SAD, HN and SK were responsible for the study design. SAD, VJM and SK analyzed and interpreted the data. SK and SAD wrote the report. VJM and HN selleck helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read, commented and approved the final article.”
“Background Legionella pneumophila is one of 56 described species belonging to the genus Legionella of the family Legionellaceae [1]. These Gram-negative bacteria are ubiquitous inhabitants of natural and manmade aquatic environments where they survive parasitically in protozoa like amoeba [2, 3] and in community structures such as biofilms [4, 5]. Additionally, Legionella

can infiltrate the human lung via inhaled aerosols [3, 6] and subsequently infect alveolar macrophages [7] which frequently cause a potential fatal pneumonia termed Legionnaires’ disease (LD) [8]. L. pneumophila strains belonging to the serogroup 1 (Sg1) were predominantly reported in LD cases, especially in community acquired and travel-associated cases [9, 10]. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major immuno-dominant Ibrutinib in vivo antigen of all Legionella species including L. pneumophila[11]. It is the main component recognized by patient’s sera and by diagnostic assays in urinary antigen detection [12]. The LPS molecule possesses a high degree of diversity and thereby provides the basis for the classification of L. pneumophila into serogroups and subgroups by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) [13–15]. Sg1 strains are subdivided into nine mAb-subgroups using the Dresden monoclonal antibody panel (Table  1) [16]. Table 1 Monoclonal antibody based subgrouping of L.