3 ± 22.6 0.089    T11 71 ± 20 LDLc (mg/dL)          T0 102 ± 38 -7.0 ± 18.1 0.034    T11 91 ± 23

TC/HDLc          T0 3.0 ± 1.0 -9.5 ± 11.4 0.004    T11 2.7 ± 0.9 LDLc/HDLc          T0 1.7 ± 0.9 -13.2 ± 15.4 0.011    T11 1.5 ± 0.7 Data are expressed as mean ± SD. TG: triglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; HDLc: HDL cholesterol; LDLc: LDL cholesterol. % change calculated as: (T11 – T0)/T0 x 100. p T0-T11: baseline vs. after 11 weeks of training. Table 4 compares energy and fat intakes and the recommended allowances for each of these nutrients. Total fat intake, SFA, W6 and cholesterol intakes were above, and MUFAs were below the recommended allowances for adults in the selleck chemical general population, whilst PUFAs and W3 intakes were adequate. Table 4 Energy and macronutrient intake by female volleyball players (n = 22) during the study and the dietary reference recommendations Nutrient ATM/ATR activation Per day Per kg BW % total energy Dietary reference recommendations Energy (kcal) 2840 ± 268 41 ± 6 100 45-50 g/kg BM/daya Fat (g) 113 ± 20 1.6 ± 0.4 35.6 ± 4.8 15-30%b SFA (g) 35.4 ± 9.8 0.5 ± 0.2 11.1 ± 2.3 < 10%b BIIB057 MUFA (g) 46.9 ± 4.7 0.7 ± 0.1 14.9 ± 2.0 15-20%b PUFA (g) 21.0 ± 7.5 0.3 ± 0.1 6.6 ± 2.0 5-8%b W3 (g) 1.6 ± 0.6 0.04 ± 0.01 0.5 ± 2.0 1-2%b W6 (g) 10.4 ± 3.7

0.4 ± 0.2 4.7 ± 10.0 5-8%b Cholesterol (mg) 443 ± 72 6.6 ± 1.5   < 300 mg/dayb Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. BW: body weight; SFA: saturated

fatty acids; MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids; W3: omega-3 fatty acids; W6: omega-6 fatty acids; aRecommended energy and carbohydrate intakes [31]; bRecommended lipid intake in the adult population to reduce cardiovascular diseases [2]. With regard Thymidine kinase to the diet quality of the players (Table 5), the MEDAS score, and W6/W3 and (MUFA + PUFA)/SFA ratios indicated that they consumed a healthy diet, but the MUFA/SFA ratio was below the recommended figure. Table 5 Quality indices for the diet of the female volleyball players (n = 22)   Per day Recommended healthy diet W6/W3 6.6 ± 6.4 5-10:1a MUFA/SFA 1.4 ± 0.2 ≥ 0.5a (MUFA + PUFA)/SFA 1.9 ± 0.4 ≥ 2a Mediterranean diet adherence 9.3 ± 2.3 ≥ 9b Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. SFA: saturated fatty acids; MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids; W3: omega-3 fatty acids; W6: omega-6 fatty acids. aRecommended healthy diet [41]; bRecommended good Mediterranean diet adherence [19]. Finally, Table 6 shows the daily food intake by the players over the 11-week study and the recommended amounts for the general population and for athletes. Relative to the recommended allowances for athletes, the FVPs consumed smaller quantities of cereals, potatoes, legumes and pulses, and larger amounts of pastries, margarine, fatty meat and cold meats.