2 Intrascrotal tuberculomas are very rare, with very few cases reported in the English literature. Tuberculosis of the spermatic cord is usually a disease that affects the sexually active man with a genitourinary contamination. But the few cases described in childhood imply the possibility of hematogenous spread of the bacillus. It can also affect patients with pulmonary infection

(<1%).3 Contamination by bacille Calmette-Guérin instillation for bladder cancer has also been described but is uncommon. Prostate is more usually involved4 Clinically, the patients show a painful unilateral I-BET151 concentration swelling of the scrotum. Voiding problems are usually absent when only the extraurinary organs are involved. As in our case, usual tuberculous signs such as fever, night sweats, and weight loss can be absent. Imaging findings including ultrasonography and computed tomographic scan are not specific. Search for bacillus in urine and semen should be performed in case of call signs

(hematuria, hemospermia, dysuria, and so forth). Polymerase chain reaction is very useful in this indication and gives quick detection. Differential diagnosis is represented by benign and malignant conditions. Scrotal tuberculoma is usually a peroperative discovery. Selleckchem Venetoclax Most patients are operated for genital suspect masses, and unfortunately, most of them undergo undue orchiectomy (75%).5 This kind of mistake can be avoided by a thorough preoperative checkup (clinical examination, tuberculosis skin test, ultrasonography, chest radiography, and urine and semen analyses) and a peroperative frozen section. Limited resection of the mass with preservation of the testes and epididymis must be performed once malignancy is excluded. The medical treatment consists in the combination Casein kinase 1 of powerful antituberculous drugs according to the regimen: 2 (rifampicin + isoniazid + pyrazinamide + ethambutol) + 4 (rifampicin

+ isoniazid) (R, rifampicin 10 mg/kg/J; H, isoniazid 5 mg/kg/J; Z, pyrazinamid 20-30 mg/kg/J). Though it is only 1 case, the tuberculosis of the spermatic cord is a rare condition that must be kept in mind, especially in developed countries where tuberculosis has known recrudescence in the last decades. A complete preoperative checkup with a peroperative frozen section (when available) must be performed to avoid an excessive surgery that can threaten the patient’s fertility. The authors declare that they have no relevant conflicts of interest. “
“A 45-year-old male patient presented to our institute with a history of left hip pain for 6 months and no past medical history of chronic diseases. No history of trauma is provided. The patient also went to a private clinic with the same complain and diagnosed to have osteoarthritis of the left hip joint and treated using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.