018). Overall socio-economic deprivation is associated with higher rate of acute rejection following renal transplantation and income deprivation is a significant and independent predictor of graft survival.”
“We describe a technique, called polarization difference maps (PDMs), that fully reveals ferroelectric switching of regions within individual grains. Using PDMs, domains that have

undergone 90 degrees and 180 degrees switching were mapped for a 100 nm selleckchem thick polycrystalline lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film. Almost half of the scanned regions were found to undergo 90 degrees switching during the applied electric field reversal. Some 180 degrees switched domains clearly went through two successive 90 degrees switching. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3560773]“
“We recently showed that DonorNet 2007 has reduced the efficiency of kidney distribution in the United States, particularly for those with prolonged cold ischemia time (CIT), by requiring systematic allocation of all kidneys regardless

of quality. Reliable early identification of those most likely to be discarded or significantly delayed would enable assigning them to alternate, more efficient distribution strategies. Selleckchem S3I-201 Based on 39 035 adult kidneys recovered for possible transplantation between 2005 and 2008, we created a regression model that reliably (AUC 0.83) quantified the probability that a given kidney was either discarded or delayed beyond 36 h of CIT (Probability of Discard/Delay,

PODD). We then analyzed two PODD cutoffs: a permissive cutoff that successfully flagged over half of those kidneys that were discarded/delayed, while only flagging 7% of kidneys that were not eventually discarded/delayed, and a more stringent cutoff that erroneously flagged only 3% but also correctly identified only 34%. Kidney transplants with high PODD were clustered in a minority of centers. Modifications of the kidney distribution system to more efficiently direct organs with high PODD to the centers that actually use them may result in reduced CIT and fewer discards.”
“Fast-growth rods of Fe82Ga18 were tension-annealed under various conditions to evaluate the effects of time, temperature, and stress on the induced uniaxial anisotropy. The minimum amount learn more of stress, temperature, and time necessary for the optimal properties was determined. Samples were annealed at 600 degrees C for 1 h in air to improve the homogeneity of the samples before each stress anneal. These initialized samples showed 45% alignment of moments along the rod axis. Under optimized tension-annealing conditions the percentage alignment increased to as much as 94%. This increase in alignment corresponds to a decrease in internal magnetic anisotropy energy from about -1.6 to -3.2 kJ/m(3). The optimal annealing conditions were found to be 300 degrees C at 50 MPa for 5 min. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.