018). A total of 109 perforations were identified and ileum was the most common part of the bowel affected and occurred in 86.2% of cases (Table 5). The median size of the perforations was 7.8 mm (2-28 mm). The median distance from ileocecal junction was 36 cm (range 8-98 cm). The amount of pus/faecal matter drained from the peritoneal cavity reflected the extent of contamination. The drainage was between

200 and 3000 mls with a mean of 628 mls. It was less than 1000 ml in15 (14.4%) patients and more than 1000 mls in 89 (85.6%) patients. Table 5 Distribution of patients according to anatomical site of perforations (N = 109) Anatomical site Frequency Percentage Jejunum 11 10.1 Ileum 94 86.2 Caecum 2 1.8 Appendix 1 0.9 Ascending colon 1 0.9 Total 109 100 Surgical procedures Perforations were surgically treated depending upon LXH254 price the number of perforations, general health status of patient and degree of faecal contamination. Simple closure of the perforations was the most commonly done procedure accounting for 78.8% of cases and this was generally done in two layers after excision the edges (Table 6). Eight (7.7%) patients had re-operation between 3 rd and 14th day post-operatively as follows: 4 (3.8%) patients for intra-abdominal

abscess and 2 (1.9%) patients for burst abdomen and enterocutaneous fistula each respectively. Four (3.8%) patients were re-operated during the follow up period as follows: 3 (2.9%) patients underwent Mayo’s repair for incisional hernia and 1 (1.9%) see more patient had laparotomy due to adhesive intestinal obstruction. Table 6 Type of surgical procedures performed (N = 104) Surgical procedure performed Frequency Percentage Simple double layered closure 82 78.8 Bowel resection with anastomosis 10 9.6 Right hemicolectomy + ileo-transverse anastomosis 8 7.7 Exteriorization of perforation

with ileostomy 2 1.9 Appendicectomy 2 1.9 Clinical outcome Post-operative complications Forty-one (39.4%) patients had 62 post-complications as shown in Table 7. Surgical site infection was the most common PDK4 post-operative complication accounting for 55.5% of cases. Table 7 Post-operative complications (N = 62) Post-operative complications Response Frequency Percentage Early postoperative complications Surgical site infection 35 55.5   Chest infections 16 25.8   Septic shock 5 8.1   Intra-abdominal abscess 4 6.5   Enterocutaneous fistula 4 6.5   Wound dehiscence/burst abdomen 2 3.2   Post-operative paralytic ileus 2 3.2   Renal failure 1 1.6 Late postoperative complications Adhesive intestinal Capmatinib cell line obstruction 4 6.5   Incisional hernia 3 4.8   Hypertrophic/Keloids 2 3.2 Length of hospital stay The overall length of hospital stay (LOS) ranged from 7 to 64 days with a median of 28 days. The median LOS for non-survivors was 6 days (range 1-10 days).