Because of consumption of coagulation factors and the interference of fibrin degradation products, diffuse bleeding may occur. Early warning signs of DIC are often nonspecific and subtle, but the clinical course may be alarmingly fulmin ant, leading to death within days of onset. Thus, early identification of sepsis induced DIC is a major diagnostic problem. selleckchem In 2001, an International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis subcommittee divided DIC into two stages non overt DIC with a stressed but compensated haemostatic system and overt DIC with a stressed Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries and uncompensated haemostatic system. On this basis, a scoring system for overt DIC was proposed by the ISTH, using which overt DIC can be diagnosed in 25% in patients with sepsis. However, these diagnostic algorithms remain far from gold standard.

Much basic and clinical research has been focused on the crossroads of coagulation and inflammatory pathways that is important in the pathogenesis of sepsis and DIC. As key factors in coagulation and immune media Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries tors, platelets not only plug the leak in a damaged vessel, but also secrete chemokines and proinflammatory cyto kines essential for host defense against microbial infection. Regarding the pathogenesis of sepsis induced DIC, these platelet derived factors warrant research into their use for early diagnosis and prediction of outcome. To identify valuable diagnostic biomarkers of sepsis induced DIC among various platelet derived factors, a protein microarray Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries kit was customized for use with a mouse cecal ligation and puncture model.

Platelet derived factors were detected by protein microarray analysis at different times up to 72 h after establishment of the CLP model. We report here the development of DIC in the experimental Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries mice and the identification biomarkers predictive of the early stage of sepsis induced DIC. Materials and methods Animals Male Kunming mice were obtained from the Experimental Animals Center Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of the Second Military Medical University and maintained under pathogen free conditions at a room temperature of 23 3 C and air humidity of 55 15% in a 12 h light12 h dark cycle. The experimental protocols were approved by the Committee of Animal Experimentation of the Second Military Medical University. Anesthesia and CLP Surgery Mice were subjected to the CLP procedure. They were not fasted the night before surgery.

Briefly, the mice were anesthetized with 2% sodium phenobarbital. Following a 1 cm midline abdominal incision, the cecum was exposed and ligated at approximately two thirds of its length from the distal clearly tip, to maintain intestinal continuity. The cecum was then punctured twice with a 22 gauge needle and a small amount of its contents was expressed through the punctures. A sham operation was performed as a control.