000). IL-6 concentrations were significantly greater at IP than at BL (p = 0.000), DHY (p = 0.000), and IP (p = 0.000). In addition, IL-6 concentrations at RHY were significantly higher than at BL (p = 0.000) and 24P (p = 0.006). AUC analysis for CRP, IL-6 and MDA did not reveal any significant differences between trials.

Figure 7 C-Reactive Protein Response. * = significant main effect for time BL. Figure 8 IL-6 Response. # = significant main effect for time versus BL, DHY and 24P; * significant main effect for time versus BL and 24P. Figure 9 MDA Response. # = significant main effect for time versus DHY, RHY, IP, and 24P; There was a significant main effect for Trial between T3 and T5 versus T2 and T4. No significant differences from BL were seen in the testosterone response to the exercise and dehydration stress during any experimental trial (Figure 10). A significant main learn more effect for time was seen in both the ACTH (p = 0.000) and

cortisol (p = 0.000) response to the exercise and dehydration protocol (Figure 11 and 12, respectively). When collapsed across trials, significant elevations in cortisol and ACTH concentrations were seen at IP and 24P compared to BL, DHY and RHY. No other significant differences were noted and no between trial effects were observed. A significant main effect for time (p = 0.000) was seen in the growth hormone ARS-1620 chemical structure response. When collapsed across trials, growth hormone concentrations were significantly elevated at

IP compared to all other time points (Figure 13). No other differences were observed. AUC analyses for testosterone, ACTH, cortisol and growth hormone did not result in any significant differences between trials. No significant difference from baseline concentrations (43.9 ± 18.7 IU) was seen in creatine kinase concentrations during any trial. Figure 10 Testosterone Response. Figure 11 ACTH Response. # = significant main effect for time versus BL, DHY and RHY Figure 12 Cortisol Response. # = significant main effect for time versus BL, DHY and RHY Figure 13 Growth Hormone Response. # = significant main effect for time versus BL, DHY RHY, and 24P Plasma volumes selleck compound decreased -5.45 ± 11.38% at DHY for all experimental trials, plasma volumes were decreased at RHY (-6.78 ± 11.27%) for all experimental TGF-beta inhibitor trials and continued to decrease at IP (-21.44 ± 10.54%). However, the differences between trials were not significant. Blood variables were not corrected for plasma volume shifts due to the importance of molar exposure at the tissue receptor level. Discussion The results of this study showed that when subjects are hypohydrated by 2.5% of their body mass and exercise to exhaustion, significant performance decrements occurred. However, when subjects ingested the AG supplement during the rehydration period (T4 and T5) the magnitude of performance decrement was significantly less compared to the dehydrated condition (T2).