Calibration of the WHO 2nd IS is therefore, primarily based on the bioassay in use in various laboratories and relies entirely on the estimates calculated relative to the WHO 1st IS for continuity of the IU. Two preparations of recombinant human sequence IL-2 expressed in E coli kindly donated to WHO (see Acknowledgement) were evaluated in the study. These preparations were originally included

in the previous collaborative study for establishment of 1st IS for IL-2 (86/504) and were lyophilized into ampoules at NIBSC in 1986 as per the procedures used previously for International Biological Standards (WHO Technical Report Series, Gemcitabine ic50 1978). Buffers, final compositions as shown in Table 2, were prepared using nonpyrogenic water and depyrogenated glassware. Buffer solutions were filtered using sterile nonpyrogenic filters where appropriate. Further details regarding these preparations have been previously published

(Gearing and Thorpe, 1988). For the study, the two rDNA derived preparations were coded as described in Table 2. The mass content of the preparations Epacadostat was determined by the manufacturers. As the protein content of the ampoules cannot be verified by direct measurement of absolute mass, the content is assumed to be the theoretical mass, calculated from the dilution of the bulk material of known protein mass content, and the volume of formulated solution delivered to the ampoule. This mass value is given as “predicted ng”. For all preparations, the appropriate volume was added to the buffer

to give 2.0 (± 1%) l of a solution of IL-2 which was then distributed in 0.5 ml aliquots, giving the theoretical protein content per ampoule as shown in Table 1. For each fill, a percentage of ampoules were weighed. The mean fill weights were 0.5058 g for 86/500 (n = 72), 0.5042 g for 86/564 (n = 69) and 0.5064 (n = 70) for the 1st IS. The precision of filling of ampoules had a CV in the range of 0.098 – 0.257% as assessed by determination of mean fill weights for all preparations. Each solution was lyophilized, and the ampoules were sealed under dry nitrogen by heat fusion of the glass and stored at –20 °C in the dark. The mean residual moisture of all preparations, measured by the coulometric Gemcitabine Karl-Fischer method (Mitsubishi CA100), varied between 0.038 and 0.104%. Mean headspace oxygen content determined by frequency modulated spectroscopy using the Lighthouse FMS-760 Instrument (Lighthouse Instruments, LLC) varied from 0.28 to 0.84% for all preparations. Testing for microbial contamination using Total viable count method did not show any evidence of microbial contamination. Eight participants from four countries contributed data to the study. These comprised 2 control laboratories, 5 manufacturers’ laboratories and 2 regulators and are listed.